Calcium Function, Dietary requirements, Absorption, Toxicity

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CalciumFunction, Dietary requirements,
Absorption, Toxicity

• Emily K. Kinison, B.S
• Texas Childrens Hospital
• Baylor College of Medicine
• L.E.A.H. Fellow, MPH Candidate

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Goals

• The learner will
• Understand the physiological functions of calcium
• Understand requirements throughout the lifecycle
• Recognize dietary sources
• Understand factors affecting absorption
  excretion
• Understand the threshhold and effects of calcium
  toxicity

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Objectives

• The learner will be able to
• State 3 functions of calcium
• State the calcium requirement for 19-30 y/o
• Name 3 food sources of calcium
• State the requirement for absorption, amount
  absorbed
• State the upper tolerable limit

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Facts

• Most common mineral in the body
• 99 in bones and teeth
• Aids in structural, enzymatic, signaling functions

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Functions

• Structural bones and teeth
• Enzymatic blood coagulation
• Cell Signaling
• Muscle contraction
• Vaso-constriction, vaso-dilation
• Nerve impulse transmission
• Hormone secretion (eg insulin)

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Calcium requirements are based on?

• Age
• B) Sex
• C) Weight
• D) Ethnicity

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Calcium requirements are based on?

• A) Age
• B) Sex
• C) Weight
• D) Ethnicity

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How much calcium do you need per day?
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Dietary Requirements
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Which of these foods contains the most calcium?
A) 1 cup raw broccoli B) ½ cup cottage
cheese C) 1 cup (8 oz.) milk D) 1 ounce
almonds
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Food Sources of Calcium

• Dairy
• Leafy Greens
• broccoli, collards, turnip greens, kale
• Calcium-Fortified Foods
• orange juice

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Dairy Food Sources
1 cup plain yogurt 415 mg
8 fl. oz. Skim Milk 306 mg
1 oz. cheddar cheese 118 mg
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Non-Dairy Food Sources
Collard greens, ½ cup cooked 133 mg
Almonds, ¼ cup 96 mg
Broccoli, 1 med. stalk cooked 72 mg
Orange Juice, Calcium-Fortified (8 fl. oz.)
350 mg
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Comparing Food Sources
6 cups raw broccoli
OR

100 almonds
8 fl. oz. Skim Milk
2 ¼ cups cottage cheese
OR
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Which of these foods contains the most calcium?

• A) 1 cup raw broccoli
• B) ½ cup cottage cheese
• C) 1 cup (8 oz.) milk
• D) 1 ounce almonds

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For proper absorption, calcium requires help
from?

• Vitamin E
• Vitamin K
• Vitamin D
• None of the above
• All of the above

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For proper absorption, calcium requires help
from?

• Vitamin E
• Vitamin K
• Vitamin D
• None of the above
• All of the above

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Calcium absorption is affected by

• Age
• Vitamin D
• Pregnancy
• Plant substances
• Alcohol

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How much calcium can you absorb at one time?

• 250 mg
• 500 mg
• 1000 mg
• 1500 mg
• No limit

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How much calcium can you absorb at one time?

• 250 mg
• 500 mg
• 1000 mg
• 1500 mg
• No limit

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Which of the following may cause calcium loss?

• High protein diets
• Smoking
• Excessive caffeine intake
• All of the above
• None of the above

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Which of the following may cause calcium loss?

• High protein diets
• Smoking
• Excessive caffeine intake
• All of the above
• None of the above

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Calcium excretion is affected by

• Sodium, Protein intake
• Caffeine use
• Alcohol consumption
• Smoking

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How much is too much calcium?
Upper Tolerable Limit (UTL) 2500 mg/day
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Calcium toxicity

• Signs Symptoms
• Constipation, dry mouth, irritability
• Long-term effects
• Kidney stones
• Hyper-calcemia
• Renal insufficiency

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Summary

• Calcium performs crucial roles supporting
• Bones and muscles
• Also Vascular/Nervous/Endocrine systems
• Dietary requirements peak in adolescence
• Dietary sources of calcium
• Dairy, leafy greens, calcium-fortified foods
• Vitamin D is required for Ca absorption
• 500 mg of Ca may be absorbed at one time
• The Upper Tolerable Limit of Ca is 2500 mg/day

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Any Questions?
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References

• http//dietary-supplements.info.nih.gov/factsheets
  /calcium.asp
• http//www.nichd.nih.gov/milk/prob/calcium_sources
  .cfm
• http//www.hsph.harvard.edu/nutritionsource/calciu
  m.html
• http//www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/calcium.html
• http//lpi.oregonstate.edu/infocenter/minerals/cal
  cium/index.html
• http//www.merck.com/mrkshared/mmanual/section2/ch
  apter12/12d.jsp
• http//www.iom.edu/Object.File/Master/7/294/0.pdf
  
• http//www.nal.usda.gov/fnic/foodcomp/search/