Courtesy

1
Courtesy
2
Courtesy

• Wordiness

3
PART I General Principles

4
Spoken Discourse

5
Spoken Discourse

• Necessary
• Repetition

6
Spoken Discourse

• Necessary
• Repetition

7
Spoken Discourse

• Necessary
• Repetition

8
Written Discourse

• FOG

9
FOG

10
FOG

BIG WORDS
11
FOG

LONG SENTENCES
12
FOG

EXCESS WORDS
13
GOOD WRITING

• Be complete as possible

14
GOOD WRITING

• Be complete as possible

• in the fewest words possible

15
GOOD WRITING

• Be complete as possible

• in the fewest words possible

16
REPETITION
17
REPETITION

• Twice?

18
REPETITION

• Success to me means accomplishing goals

19
REPETITION

• Success to me means accomplishing goals

• For example, it meant carrying water with a yoke
  when I was a boy in an Aleut village

20
REPETITION

• Success to me meant carrying water with a yoke
  when I was a boy in an Aleut village

21
The Game of Minimums
22
The Game of Minimums

• Of all the things in the world that I can't
  stand, the thing that I hate the most is boiled
  hot dogs.

23
The Game of Minimums

• 5

• Of all the things in the world that I can't
  stand, the thing that I hate the most is boiled
  hot dogs.

24
The Game of Minimums

• 5

• I hate boiled hot dogs.

25
The Game of Minimums

• 4

• I hate hot dogs.

26
The Game of Minimums

• 5

• I hate boiled hot dogs.

27
The Game of Minimums

• With a knife, cut some red tomato slices and
  add them to your sandwich, between the slices of
  bread.

28
The Game of Minimums

• 5 (6)

• With a knife, cut some red tomato slices and
  add them to your sandwich, between the slices of
  bread.

29
The Game of Minimums

• 5 (6)

• Add tomato to your sandwich.

30
The Game of Minimums

• 5 (6)

• Add tomato slices to your sandwich.

31
The Game of Minimums

• 5 (6)

• Add red tomato slices to your sandwich.

32
The Game of Minimums

• 5 (6)

• Add tomato slices to your sandwich.

33
The Game of Minimums

• Put the cookies in the oven. After putting
  the cookies in the oven, turn on the heat to 350
  degrees Fahrenheit.

34
The Game of Minimums

• 5

• Put the cookies in the oven. After putting
  the cookies in the oven, turn on the heat to 350
  degrees Fahrenheit.

35
The Game of Minimums

• 5

• Bake the cookies at 350.

36
The Game of Minimums

• The people that I would like to tell you
  about are Father and Mother.

37
The Game of Minimums

• 2

• The people that I would like to tell you about
  are Father and Mother.

38
The Game of Minimums

• 2

• My parents

39
The Game of Minimums

• Valerie scrutinized her face carefully

40
The Game of Minimums

• 4

• Valerie scrutinized her face.

41
The Game of Minimums

• He was a typical type of fraternity man.

42
The Game of Minimums

• 5

• He was a typical type of fraternity man.

43
The Game of Minimums

• 5

• He was a fraternity man.

44
The Game of Minimums

• Richard has a consistently bad habit of not
  listening to what people are saying to him unless
  he is sure it will please him.

45
The Game of Minimums

• 12

• Richard has a consistently bad habit of not
  listening to what people are saying to him unless
  he is sure it will please him.

46
The Game of Minimums

• 12

• Richard does not listen unless he is sure it
  will please him.

47
The Game of Minimums

• The two boys, who were brothers, started on
  their way outside and then had a fight.

48
The Game of Minimums

• 7 (9)

• The two boys, who were brothers, started on
  their way outside and then had a fight.

49
The Game of Minimums

• 7

• The two brothers had a fight outside.

50
The Game of Minimums

• 9

• The two brothers began fighting on their way
  outside.

51
The Game of Minimums

• The queen realized that her life was not a
  carefree and spotless one.

52
The Game of Minimums

• 10

• The queen realized that her life was not a
  carefree and spotless one.

53
The Game of Minimums

• 10

• The queen realized her life was not carefree
  and spotless.

54
Deleting Transitions

• Delete most transitions unless they

55
Deleting Transitions

• Delete most transitions unless they
• Contradict previous information

56
Deleting Transitions

• Delete most transitions unless they
• Contradict previous information

• However,

57
Deleting Transitions

• Delete most transitions unless they
• Contradict previous information
• Set up an example

58
Deleting Transitions

• Delete most transitions unless they
• Contradict previous information
• Set up an example

• For example,

59
Deleting Transitions

• Delete most transitions unless they
• Contradict previous information
• Set up an example

• Blah blah blah, for instance, . . .

60
Deleting Transitions

• The first thing I would like to say is that
  learning grammar often is difficult because of
  mistakes that a man named Bishop Robert Lowth
  made in 1762.

61
Deleting Transitions

• Furthermore, since he was the bishop of
  London, people in power listened to him and
  thought his theories were correct.

62
Deleting Transitions

• Therefore, for example, the people of London
  came to believe that, in English, two negatives
  make a positive.

63
Deleting Transitions

• Moreover, they came to believe that sentences
  cannot be ended in a preposition.

64
Deleting Transitions

• Learning grammar often is difficult because of
  mistakes that Bishop Robert Lowth made in 1762.

65
Deleting Transitions

• People in power thought his theories were
  correct because he was the bishop of London.

66
Deleting Transitions

• For example, they came to believe that, in
  English, two negatives make a positive.

67
Deleting Transitions

• and that sentences cannot end in a
  preposition.

68
Deleting Transitions

• For example, they came to believe that, in
  English, two negatives make a positive and that
  sentences cannot end in a preposition.

69
PART II Writing Impromptu Essays

70
Writing Impromptu Essays

• It was another very routine start to a
  two-week vacation. I definitely had no fixed
  plans other than simply flying to Denver. I knew
  Colorado was a fantastic state, and basically
  that is all I thought about as I settled into my
  assigned seat. As the aircraft door was about to
  be closed, a man walked in and occupied the
  vacant seat next to me. He mumbled something to
  me in an absolutely foreign accent. The
  departure was very uneventful. All we really did
  was try to kill time, but the book he was reading
  just attracted my interest Cave Exploring in the
  USA. I certainly was curious and asked him if
  cave exploring interested him. That was when he
  explained--incredibly--that in France he was a
  professional cave explorer. After the dinner
  service ended we talked, and his stories of days
  underground were positively fascinating.
  Finally, he invited me to join him, and I quite
  happily accepted.

71
Writing Impromptu Essays

• It was another very routine start to a
  two-week vacation. I definitely had no fixed
  plans other than simply flying to Denver.

72
Writing Impromptu Essays

• It was another very routine start to a
  two-week vacation.

73
Writing Impromptu Essays

• It was another very routine start to a
  two-week vacation.

• a two-week vacation.

74
Writing Impromptu Essays

• I definitely had no fixed plans other than
  simply flying to Denver.

75
Writing Impromptu Essays

• I definitely had no fixed plans other than
  simply flying to Denver.

• I had no plans other than flying to Denver.

76
Writing Impromptu Essays

• It was another very routine start to a
  two-week vacation. I definitely had no fixed
  plans other than simply flying to Denver.

• I was flying to Denver for a two-week
  vacation.

77
Writing Impromptu Essays

• I knew Colorado was a fantastic state, and
  basically that is all I thought about as I
  settled into my assigned seat.

78
Writing Impromptu Essays

• I knew Colorado was a fantastic state, and
  basically that is all I thought about as I
  settled into my assigned seat.

• CUT

79
Writing Impromptu Essays

• As the aircraft door was about to be closed,
  a man walked in and occupied the vacant seat next
  to me. He mumbled something to me in an
  absolutely foreign accent.

80
Writing Impromptu Essays

• As the aircraft door was about to be closed,
  a man walked in and occupied the vacant seat next
  to me. He mumbled something to me in an
  absolutely foreign accent.

• The man next to me

81
Writing Impromptu Essays

• The departure was very uneventful. All we
  really did was try to kill time, but the book he
  was reading just attracted my interest Cave
  Exploring in the USA.

82
Writing Impromptu Essays

• The departure was very uneventful. All we
  really did was try to kill time, but the book he
  was reading just attracted my interest Cave
  Exploring in the USA.

• was reading Cave Exploring in the USA

83
Writing Impromptu Essays

• I certainly was curious and asked him if
  cave exploring interested him. That was when he
  explained--incredibly--that in France he was a
  professional cave explorer.

84
Writing Impromptu Essays

• I certainly was curious and asked him if
  cave exploring interested him. That was when he
  explained--incredibly--that in France he was a
  professional cave explorer.

• I asked him if cave exploring interested him.
  He explained that in France he was a
  professional cave explorer.

85
Writing Impromptu Essays

• After the dinner service ended we talked,
  and his stories of days underground were
  positively fascinating. Finally, he invited me
  to join him, and I quite happily accepted.

86
Writing Impromptu Essays

• After the dinner service ended we talked, and
  his stories of days underground were positively
  fascinating. Finally, he invited me to join him,
  and I quite happily accepted.

• His stories of days underground fascinated
  me. When he invited me to join him, I happily
  accepted.

87
PART III Writing Essay Exams

88
Sample 1

• Compare Juliets and Rosalinds attitudes
  regarding love.

89

• Juliet and Rosalind are women who both
  fall in love. This is one of the few similarities
  between these two characters. They are different
  in age, with Juliet being an impetuous adolescent
  and Rosalind being a mature adult. This
  difference is illustrated by the manner in which
  each character falls in love. Juliet rushes into
  romance and gets married as quickly as possible,
  while Rosalind makes sure of her love for
  Orlando--a much more rational and logical choice
  than Juliet's.

90
Writing Essay Exams

• Juliet and Rosalind are women who both fall in
  love.

91
Writing Essay Exams

• 7

• Juliet and Rosalind are women who both fall
  in love.

92
Writing Essay Exams

• 7

• Juliet and Rosalind both fall in love.

93
Writing Essay Exams

• This is one of the few similarities between
  these two characters.

94
Writing Essay Exams

• 0

• This is one of the few similarities between
  these two characters.

95
Writing Essay Exams

• Juliet and Rosalind both fall in love.

96
Writing Essay Exams

• They are different in age, with Juliet being
  an impetuous adolescent and Rosalind being a
  mature adult.

97
Writing Essay Exams

• 9

• They are different in age, with Juliet being
  an impetuous adolescent and Rosalind being a
  mature adult.

98
Writing Essay Exams

• Juliet is an impetuous adolescent, Rosalind a
  mature adult.

99
Writing Essay Exams

• Juliet rushes into romance and gets married
  as quickly as possible, while Rosalind makes sure
  of her love for Orlando--a much more rational and
  logical choice than Juliet's.

100
Writing Essay Exams

• Juliet rushes into romance and gets married
  as quickly as possible,

101
Writing Essay Exams

• 4

• Juliet rushes into romance and gets married
  as quickly as possible,

102
Writing Essay Exams

• Juliet rushes into marriage,

103
Writing Essay Exams

• while Rosalind makes sure of her love for
  Orlando--a much more rational and logical choice
  than Juliet's.

104
Writing Essay Exams

• (while) Rosalind makes sure of her love for
  Orlando--a much more rational and logical choice
  than Juliet's.

105
Writing Essay Exams

• 9

• while Rosalind makes sure of her love for
  Orlando--a much more rational and logical choice
  than Juliet's.

106
Writing Essay Exams

• 9

• while Rosalind makes sure of her love for
  Orlando.

107
Writing Essay Exams

• This difference is illustrated by the manner
  in which each character falls in love.

108
Writing Essay Exams

• 0

• This difference is illustrated by the manner
  in which each character falls in love.

109
Writing Essay Exams

• Juliet and Rosalind both fall in love.
  Juliet rushes into marriage, while Rosalind makes
  sure of her love for Orlando. Juliet is an
  impetuous adolescent, Rosalind a mature adult.

110
Writing Essay Exams

• Juliet rushes into marriage, while Rosalind
  makes sure of her love for Orlando. Juliet is an
  impetuous adolescent, Rosalind a mature adult.

111
Writing Essay Exams

• Juliet rushes into marriage, while Rosalind
  makes sure of her love for Orlando, because
  Juliet is an impetuous adolescent, Rosalind a
  mature adult.

112
Enthymeme

• Juliet rushes into marriage, while Rosalind
  makes sure of her love for Orlando, because
  Juliet is an impetuous adolescent, Rosalind a
  mature adult.

113
Enthymeme

• WHAT
• Juliet rushes into marriage, while Rosalind
  makes sure of her love for Orlando,
• WHY
• because Juliet is an impetuous adolescent,
  Rosalind a mature adult.

114
Enthymeme

• PROVE
• Juliet rushes into marriage,

115
Enthymeme

• PROVE
• Rosalind makes sure of her love for Orlando,

116
Enthymeme

• PROVE
• Juliet is an impetuous adolescent,

117
Enthymeme

• PROVE
• Rosalind (is) a mature adult.

118
Sample 2

• Why do college freshmen often have
  difficulty finding an effective subject for a
  research paper?

119
Reduce

• College freshmen have difficulties
  finding a subject for a research paper because
  they do not have syllogistic thinking and because
  high school made everything easy.
• Most young people and teenagers do
  not have syllogistic thinking. Syllogistic
  thinking is when a persons mind is not always
  switching from one subject to another but instead
  stays on one subject in a logical sequence.
• College freshmen usually come out of
  their high school where it was so easy, and the
  subject was always given to them. High school
  English classes are often easy. The teachers
  research and give the student a subject. Here in
  college the student has had it easy and had the
  subject given to them that it was easy and did
  not have to do much research.
• Syllogistic thinking and high school
  are both reasons why college students cant find
  a subject for their paper.
• I think high school is the big part of
  it. High school gives everything to you so easy
  and then the student gets to college and nothing
  is easy. The students have to figure things out
  on their own.

120
Reduce

• College freshmen have difficulties
  finding a subject for a research paper because
  they do not have syllogistic thinking and because
  high school made everything easy.
• Most young people and teenagers do
  not have syllogistic thinking. Syllogistic
  thinking is when a persons mind is not always
  switching from one subject to another but instead
  stays on one subject in a logical sequence.
• College freshmen usually come out of
  their high school where it was so easy, and the
  subject was always given to them. High school
  English classes are often easy. The teachers
  research and give the student a subject. Here in
  college the student has had it easy and had the
  subject given to them that it was easy and did
  not have to do much research.
• Syllogistic thinking and high school
  are both reasons why college students cant find
  a subject for their paper.
• I think high school is the big part of
  it. High school gives everything to you so easy
  and then the student gets to college and nothing
  is easy. The students have to figure things out
  on their own. (185)

121
Reduce

• College freshmen have difficulties
  finding a subject for a research paper because
  they do not have syllogistic thinking and because
  high school made everything easy.

122
Reduce

• Syllogistic involves staying on one subject in
  a logical sequence.

123
Reduce

• College freshmen usually come out of
  their high school where it was so easy, and the
  subject was always given to them. High school
  English classes are often easy. The teachers
  research and give the student a subject. Here in
  college the student has had it easy and had the
  subject given to them that it was easy and did
  not have to do much research.

124
Reduce

• In high school English classes, the
  teachers often do the research and give the
  students a subject.

125
Reduce

• Syllogistic thinking and high school are
  both reasons why college students cant find a
  subject for their paper.

126
Reduce

• College students must find their own
  subjects.

127
Reduce

• I think high school is the big part of it.
  High school gives everything to you so easy and
  then the student gets to college and nothing is
  easy. The students have to figure things out on
  their own.

128
Reduce

• 0

129
Reduce

• College freshmen have difficulties
  finding a subject for a research paper because
  they do not have syllogistic thinking and because
  high school made everything easy.
• Syllogistic involves staying on one
  subject in a logical sequence.
• In high school English classes, the
  teachers often do the research and give the
  students a subject.
• College students must find their own
  subjects.

130
Reduced

• College freshmen have difficulties
  finding a subject for a research paper because
  they do not have syllogistic thinking and because
  high school made everything easy.
• Syllogistic involves staying on one
  subject in a logical sequence.
• In high school English classes, the
  teachers often do the research and give the
  students a subject.
• College students must find their own
  subjects. (59)

131
Sample 2

• Why do college freshmen often have
  difficulty finding an effective subject for a
  research paper?

132
Sample 2

• Original
• Number of words 551

133
Reduce

• College freshmen have difficulties
  finding a quality subject for a research paper
  because 1. They are lost 2. Have been taught a
  wrong system of writing or not at all 3. Think
  its still high school, and 4. Didnt attend a
  college preparatory similar to this. Most are
  still suffering from senioritis.

134
Reduce

• College freshmen have difficulty finding
  quality subjects for research papers because (1)
  they do not take advantage of shortcuts and (2)
  they did not attend a college preparatory.

135
Reduce

• 1. College is a big place with new ideas and new
  faces. For some its like being thrown to the
  wolves and being expected to live through it.
  Freshmen are always clueless because they dont
  know whats going on. A teacher will give them
  an assignment and then they will just stare at a
  computer screen waiting for a subject to come
  falling into their hands. Those people are still
  waiting. These freshmen dont know the system so
  they cant take any advantage over shortcuts or
  loop holes.

136
Reduce

• 0

137
Reduce

• 2. Most of the Time kids come from schools that
  taught CTR (Current Traditional rhetoric). This
  does not help them at all. The way the system
  goes is that all the focus is on style and
  nothing else. Oh and on organization. Subject
  is almost ignored. Unless youre a talented
  writer most college freshmen dont know how to
  pick a subject. If they do it ends up becoming
  too general and broad resulting in a complicated
  mess of 50 or more pages. If all college
  freshmen were taught an enthymeme it would be a
  lot easier and have a good organization. Just by
  having a good enthymeme means your paper is 90
  done. The other 10 is just writing the paper.
  

138
Reduce

• 2. Most kids come from schools that taught CTR
  (Current Traditional Rhetoric). That system
  focuses on style and on an organization that only
  works in short essays. Subject is almost
  ignored. Unless students are talented writers
  they usually end up with general subjects. The
  enthymeme approach would help them funnel down
  their subjects and still have a good
  organization.

139
Reduce

• 3. When college freshmen arrive they usually have
  just gotten out of high school, where they were
  the Big Bad Seniors. Its a hard transition for
  them to go from the top of the crop down with the
  rest of the lot. Its basically an endless
  cycle. These kids think that get away with
  everything and that the professor will still help
  them out. Wrong! Its not high school. Most
  professors couldnt care less if students dont
  pay attention during class. These freshmen dont
  realize that by going to college theyre paying
  someone to teach them, not the other way around.
  Since these kids dont pay attention they miss
  the team that could have helped them with their
  paper.

140
Reduce

• 3. Its a hard transition for them to go from
  the top of the crop down with the rest of the
  lot. Its basically an endless cycle.

141
Reduce

• 4. If these students before going to college had
  thought of things ahead of time they could have
  discovered many programs that could prevent this.
  Programs like RAHI can show you college life
  beforehand. So now you can look before you
  leap. RAHI offers you classes that show you how
  to write enthymemes. It can also show where and
  how to find information at that schools library
  on the computer. UAF has a good system for that
  on their website by going there and clicking on
  a few links you can have a subject with an
  enthymeme in ten minutes or less. This will also
  give you the confidence you need to compete in
  college and succeed.

142
Reduce

• 4. Most high school students attempt college
  without first having had a college preparatory.
  They need to learn enthymemes or at least how to
  access a college-level website. By clicking on a
  few links they can create an effective enthymeme
  in ten minutes or less. This will give them
  confidence to succeed in college.

143
Reduce

• 5. Admit it. School during most of everybodys
  senior year wasnt hard. Besides getting ready
  for college most just goofed off. They didnt do
  school work and even skipped class. Some even
  refused to do work. This is what we call
  senioritis. Teachers know kids have this when
  certain symptoms show up, including laziness and
  whining over simple things.

144
Reduce

• 0

145
Reduced

• College freshmen have difficulty finding
  quality subjects for research papers because (1)
  they do not take advantage of shortcuts and (2)
  they did not attend a college preparatory.
• (1) Most kids come from schools that
  taught CTR (Current Traditional Rhetoric). That
  system focuses on style and on an organization
  that only works in short essays. Subject is
  almost ignored. Unless students are talented
  writers they usually end up with general
  subjects . The enthymeme approach would help
  them funnel down their subjects and still have a
  good organization.
• (2) Its a hard transition for kids to go
  from the top of the crop down with the rest of
  the lot. Its basically an endless cycle.
• Most high school students attempt
  college without first having had a college
  preparatory. They need to learn enthymemes or
  at least how to access a college-level website.
  By clicking on a few links they can create an
  effective enthymeme in ten minutes or less. This
  will give them confidence to succeed in college.

146
Reduced

• College freshmen have difficulty finding
  quality subjects for research papers because (1)
  they do not take advantage of shortcuts and (2)
  they did not attend a college preparatory.
• (1) Most kids come from schools that
  taught CTR (Current Traditional Rhetoric). That
  system focuses on style and on an organization
  that only works in short essays. Subject is
  almost ignored. Unless students are talented
  writers they usually end up with general
  subjects. The enthymeme approach would help them
  funnel down their subjects and still have a good
  organization.
• (2) Its a hard transition for kids to go
  from the top of the crop down with the rest of
  the lot. Its basically an endless cycle.
• They need to learn enthymemes or at
  least how to access a college-level website. By
  clicking on a few links they can create an
  effective enthymeme in ten minutes or less. This
  will give them confidence to succeed in college.

147
Reduced

• College freshmen have difficulty finding
  quality subjects for research papers because (1)
  they do not take advantage of shortcuts and (2)
  they did not attend a college preparatory.
• (1) Most kids come from schools that
  taught CTR (Current Traditional Rhetoric). That
  system focuses on style and on an organization
  that only works in short essays. Subject is
  almost ignored. Unless students are talented
  writers they usually end up with general
  subjects . The enthymeme approach would help
  them funnel down their subjects and still have a
  good organization.
• (2) Its a hard transition for kids to go
  from the top of the crop down with the rest of
  the lot. Its basically an endless cycle.
• By clicking on a few links on a
  college-level website they can create an
  effective enthymeme in ten minutes or less. This
  will give them confidence to succeed in college.

148
Reduced

• College freshmen have difficulty finding
  quality subjects for research papers because (1)
  they do not take advantage of shortcuts and (2)
  they did not attend a college preparatory.
• (1) Most kids come from schools that
  taught CTR (Current Traditional Rhetoric). That
  system focuses on style and on an organization
  that only works in short essays. Subject is
  almost ignored. Unless students are talented
  writers they usually end up with general
  subjects . The enthymeme approach would help
  them funnel down their subjects and still have a
  good organization. By clicking on a few links on
  a college-level website they can create an
  effective enthymeme in ten minutes or less. This
  will give them confidence to succeed in college
• (2) Its a hard transition for kids to go
  from the top of the crop down with the rest of
  the lot. Its basically an endless cycle.

149
Reduced

• (2) Its a hard transition for kids to go
  from the top of the crop down with the rest of
  the lot. Its basically an endless cycle.

150
Reduced

• (2) Transitioning from the top of the crop
  down with the rest of the lot is basically an
  endless cycle.

151
Reduced

• College freshmen have difficulty finding
  quality subjects for research papers because (1)
  they do not take advantage of shortcuts and (2)
  they did not attend a college preparatory.
• (1) Most kids come from schools that
  taught CTR (Current Traditional Rhetoric). That
  system focuses on style and on an organization
  that only works in short essays. Subject is
  almost ignored. Unless students are talented
  writers they usually end up with general
  subjects . The enthymeme approach would help
  them funnel down their subjects and still have a
  good organization. By clicking on a few links on
  a college-level website they can create an
  effective enthymeme in ten minutes or less. This
  will give them confidence to succeed in college
• (2) Transitioning from the top of the crop
  down with the rest of the lot is basically an
  endless cycle. (138)

152
Reduced

• College freshmen have difficulty finding
  quality subjects for research papers because (1)
  they do not take advantage of shortcuts and (2)
  they did not attend a college preparatory.
• (1) Most kids come from schools that
  taught CTR (Current Traditional Rhetoric). That
  system focuses on style and on an organization
  that only works in short essays. Subject is
  almost ignored. Unless students are talented
  writers they usually end up with general
  subjects . The enthymeme approach would help
  them funnel down their subjects and still have a
  good organization. By clicking on a few links on
  a college-level website they can create an
  effective enthymeme in ten minutes or less. This
  will give them confidence to succeed in college
• (2) Transitioning from the top of the crop
  down with the rest of the lot is basically an
  endless cycle. (continue)

153
PART IV Review

154
Deadly Deadwood

• The fact that she lost her temper at
  yesterdays meeting is indicative of her problems
  here.

155
Deadly Deadwood

• That she lost her temper at yesterdays
  meeting is indicative of her problems here.

156
Deadly Deadwood

• It has been shown that Brand X usually
  outperforms Brand Y on sports commercials.

157
Deadly Deadwood

• Brand X usually outperforms Brand Y on sports
  commercials.

158
Deadly Deadwood

• It is recognized that Don Jones is a leader
  in motivational speaking.

159
Deadly Deadwood

• Don Jones is a leader in motivational speaking.

160
Deadly Deadwood

• it has been demonstrated that

161
Deadly Deadwood

• it must be remembered that

162
Deadly Deadwood

• it may be seen that

163
Deadly Deadwood

• What is known as an enthymeme is a statement
  that usually says What because Why.

164
Deadly Deadwood

• An enthymeme is a statement that usually says
  What because Why.

165
Deadly Deadwood

• It is worthy to note that Crystal is a mother
  of six honor-roll students.

166
Deadly Deadwood

• Crystal is a mother of six honor-roll
  students.

167
Deadly Deadwood

• it will be appreciated that

168
Deadly Deadwood

• it is found that

169
Deadly Deadwood

• it may be mentioned that

170
Reduce

• it is the intention of this writer to

171
Reduce

• I will

• it is the intention of this writer to

172
Reduce

• in the majority of cases

173
Reduce

• usually

• in the majority of cases

174
Reduce

• at this point of time

175
Reduce

• now

• at this point of time

176
Reduce

• after the conclusion of

177
Reduce

• afterwards

• after the conclusion of

178
Reduce

• can be in a position to

179
Reduce

• can

• can be in a position to

180
Reduce

• in regard to

181
Reduce

• regarding

• in regard to

182
Reduce

• in the event that

183
Reduce

• if

• in the event that

184
Reduce

• in the very near future

185
Reduce

• soon

• in the very near future

186
Reduce

• make a recommendation that

187
Reduce

• recommend

• make a recommendation that

188
Reduce

• of a confidential nature

189
Reduce

• confidential

• of a confidential nature

190
Reduce

• perform an analysis of

191
Reduce

• analyze

• perform an analysis of

192
Reduce

• start off
• absolutely perfect
• actual experience
• advance plan
• an asset on the plus side

193
Reduce

• start
• perfect
• experience
• plan
• an asset

• start off
• absolutely perfect
• actual experience
• advance plan
• an asset on the plus side

194
Reduce

• an honor and a privilege
• any and all
• as a general rule
• basic essentials
• chemotherapy treatment

195
Reduce

• an honor
• any
• as a rule
• essentials
• chemotherapy

• an honor and a privilege
• any and all
• as a general rule
• basic essentials
• chemotherapy treatment

196
Reduce

• close proximity
• combine into one
• consecutive in a row
• continue on
• current status
• different varieties

197
Reduce

• proximity
• combine
• consecutive
• continue
• a variety

• close proximity
• combine into one
• consecutive in a row
• continue on
• different varieties

198
Reduce

• equally as well
• ERA amendment
• estimate about
• final outcome
• first and foremost

199
Reduce

• equally
• ERA
• estimate
• outcome
• first

• equally as well
• ERA amendment
• estimate about
• final outcome
• first and foremost

200
Reduce

• foreign imports
• free gift
• goals and objectives
• group meeting
• honest truth

201
Reduce

• imports
• free
• goals
• meeting
• truth

• foreign imports
• free gift
• goals and objectives
• group meeting
• honest truth

202
Reduce

• isolated by himself
• joined together
• necessary requisite
• new breakthrough
• one and the same

203
Reduce

• isolated
• joined
• necessary
• breakthrough
• the same

• isolated by himself
• joined together
• necessary requisite
• new breakthrough
• one and the same

204
Reduce

• overall plan
• past history
• personal opinion
• point in time
• potential fire hazard

205
Reduce

• plan
• history
• opinion
• now
• fire hazard

• overall plan
• past history
• personal opinion
• point in time
• potential fire hazard

206
Reduce

• repeat again
• small in size
• the year 1995
• this particular instance
• true facts

207
Reduce

• repeat
• small
• 1995
• this instance
• facts

• repeat again
• small in size
• the year 1995
• this particular instance
• true facts

208
Reduce

• tuition fees
• write away for
• run away from
• I remain sincerely yours

209
Reduce

• tuition
• write for
• run from
• sincerely (yours)

• tuition fees
• write away for
• run away from
• I remain sincerely yours