Code of Conduct Implementation in Thailand

1
Code of Conduct Implementation in Thailand
Pesticides are regulated under the Hazardous
Substances Act B.E. 2535(1992). Under the Act the
Hazardous Substances Committee (HSC) has been set
up to control pesticides. HSC assigned concerned
Department to regulate pesticides

• used on crops - Department of Agriculture
• used on livestock - Department of Livestock
  Development
• used on fisheries - Department of Fisheries
• used as household chemicals - Food and Drug
  Administration

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Pest and Pesticide Management (IPM)

• - has been put in the national social and
  economic development plan since 1997
• a collaborative project of Department of
  Agriculture, Department of Agricultural Extension
  (DOAE), the Royal Project and DANIDA
• implemented on fruit crops and vegetables in
  northern, eastern and central regions
• consumers attitude towards crop performance is
  a major constraint prefer good performance
  crops
• needs to train more farmers on IPM through
  Farmer Field School, put up public relations to
  convince consumers and promote bio-control.

3
Testing, Quality Control and Effects in the
Field

• - registration of a pesticide shall be granted
  when efficacy test result, label, toxicological
  data and analytical result are approved
• - Office of Plant Protection Research and
  Development is responsible for efficacy test of
  pesticide in the field
• - Division of Agricultural Regulatory Inspection,
  Office of Agricultural Regulatory, monitors
  pesticide quality
• Office of Agricultural Production Science
  Research and Development analyzes samples
• In 2004, it was reported that 1,316 samples were
  analyzed and found that 1,195 samples (90.81)
  meet the standard while 121 samples (9.19) were
  substandard
• new pesticide is required to conduct residue
  trial

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Health and Environment Information
Health In 2003, pesticides poisoning incidents
was 2,342 cases or 3.72 per 100,000 capita. High
incidents found in farmers, during May-August,
northern region, age gt35 years old. In 2002,
29.14 of farmer had high risk of
organophosphates and carbamates. Pesticide
residues were found in food crop 20.76 of
samples which 4.28 exceeded MRLs and 16.48 did
not exceed MRLs.
Environment The most severe case is in orange
orchards in Chiangmai. Residues found in water
resources ranged 0.001-2.19 ?g/l. High residues
of cypermethrin, endosulfanand and paraquat were
reported at 2.19, 0.70 and 0.53 ?g/l.
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Trends in Pesticide Manufacture, Use and Trade.
Almost all of pesticides were imported, only
paraquat is manufactured in Thailand. Import
quantity of pesticides increased continuously
from 9,301 in 1981 to 53,049 tons of active
ingredients (a.i.) in 2004.
In 2004, Thailand exported 3,941 tons of a. i. It
is assumed that the use quantity was 49,108 tons
of a.i.
In 2005, DOA requires that industries should
report their production volumes and the channel
of pesticide traffic starting from import,
production and sale.
Four cases of illegal trade of pesticides had
been reported in 2004. All cases were formulating
pesticides and sale with out license
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Selected Standards
High acute toxicity pesticides (LD 50 lt 30 mg/kg)
have been put under surveillance scheme
comprising aldicarb, blasticidin-S, carbofuran,
dicrotophos, ethoprophos, formetanate,
methidathion, methomyl, oxamyl, EPN and
endosulfan (CS formulation). Theyll be banned or
severely restricted if impact on health and
environment is reported.
Recommendation for disposal of container and
left-over pesticide is on the label. Glass
bottles are reused by some pesticide formulators.
Survey on types, quantities and site storages of
obsolete pesticides had been conducted by DOA and
FAO. Now Department of Industrial Works has
disposal service for obsolete pesticides. It is
expected that obsolete pesticides will be
disposed in the near future.