Juan Ponce de Leon

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Juan Ponce de Leon (c1460 - 1521)?
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Jeanne Calment (February 21, 1875 August 4,
1997)?
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Ageing - Age-specific increase in mortality rate
General deterioration in physical and/or mental
ability
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Why do animals age?
Why do individuals differ in their (apparent)
rate of ageing?
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Evolution ageing Oxidative stress cell
damage Genetics and ageing Cellular
senescence Caloric restriction
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Oxidative stress and ageing
Oxidative stress is a normal consequence of
aerobic life Source of free radicals
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Can we slow the rate of ageing by enhancing
oxidative stress resistance?
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Glutathione is a small molecule that is the
principal cellular antioxidant
Does increasing the amount of glutathione extend
lifespan?
We increased glutathione levels in Drosophila by
over-expressing the enzymes that synthesise it
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Can we ascribe differences in longevity to
discrete genetic variants?
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Many genes influence lifespan
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The Hayflick Limit
Cells undergo a finite number of divisions before
senescence
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Likely to have evolved as an anti-cancer
mechanism Probably connected to DNA
replication Some cells never senesce stem cells
Why do Cells Senesce?
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Caloric Restriction
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Unfortunately, there is little evidence that
caloric restriction extends lifespan in humans
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Summary
ageing is complex - many mechanisms and causes
proposed probably many causes
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What can we do about it?
Superficial signs of ageing minimise exposure to
UV healthy diet don't smoke Live long and
prosper healthy diet don't smoke stay active
(physically mentally)?