DAIRY INDUSTRY DAIRY SCIENC

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DAIRY INDUSTRY/DAIRY SCIENC

• INTRODUCTION TO THE
• DAIRY INDUSTRY

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OBJECTIVES

• 1. The student will discuss the historical
  development of the dairy industry.
• 2. The student will explain the importance of
  the dairy industry in California and the United
  States.

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Introduction to the Dairy Industry
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A. History of the Dairy Industry

• 1611 Cows first arrive in the U.S. at the
  Jamestown Colony in Virginia.
• 1624 Cows reach the Plymouth Colony.
• 1841 First regular shipment of milk by rail
  Orange County to New York City.
• 1856 Beginning of Pasteur experimentation.

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• 1857 Gail Borden received first patent on
  condensed milk from both U.S. and England.
• 1878 Continuous centrifugal cream separator
  invented by Dr. Gustav De Laval.
• 1884 Milk bottle invented by Dr. Hervey D.
  Thatcher, Potsdam, New York.
• 1886 Automatic bottle filler and capper
  patented.
• 1890 Tuberculin testing of dairy herds
  introduced. Test for fat content of milk and
  cream perfected by Dr. S.M. Babcock.

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• 1891 Certified milk originated by Dr. Henry L.
  Coit in Essex County, New Jersey.
• 1895 Commercial pasteurizing machines
  introduced.
• 1908 First compulsory pasteurization law
  (Chicago) applying to all milk except that from
  tuberculin tested cows.
• 1911 Automatic rotary bottle filler and capper
  perfected.
• 1914 Tank trucks first used for transporting
  milk

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• 1919 Homogenized milk sold successfully in
  Torrington, Connecticut.
• 1932 Ways of increasing Vitamin D in milk made
  practicable.
• 1932 First plastic coated paper milk cartons
  introduced commercially.
• 1933 Fluid milk included in Army ration.
• 1938 First farm bulk tanks for milk begin to
  replace milk cans.
• 1942 Every-other-day milk delivery started
  (initially as a war conservation measure).

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• 1946 Vacuum pasteurization method perfected.
• 1948 Ultra-high temperature pasteurization is
  introduced.
• 1950 Milk vending machines win place in
  distribution.
• 1955 Flavor control equipment for milk is
  introduced commercially.
• 1964 Plastic milk container introduced
  commercially
• 1967 Non-dairy milk substitutes introduced in
  several markets.

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• 1968 Official acceptance of electronic testing
  for milk fat content.
• 1974 Nutrition labeling of fluid milk products.
• 1975 Metric measurement equivalent introduced.
• 1980 American Dairy Association launches the
  national introduction of the Real Seal dairy
  symbol.
• 1981 UHT (ultra high temperature) milks gain
  national recognition.

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• 1983 Creation of National Dairy Promotion and
  Research Board.
• 1988 Lower fat dairy products gain widespread
  acceptance. Low fat plus skim milk sales exceed
  whole milk sales for first time.
• 1993 Mandatory animal drug residue testing
  program established.
• 1994 Bovine Somatotropin approved for
  commercial use in U.S.
• 1995 Launch of processor-funded milk mustache
  advertising campaign.

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B. Economic Importance to Agriculture

• 1. 27,367,858,000 of Cash Receipts from Farm
  Marketings of Dairy Products in 2004 in the US.
  (21,238,737,000 in 2003, 20,582,238,000 in
  2002, 24,709,749,000 in 2001)
• 2. Leading Agriculture Commodity in California
• a. Milk 5,226,738,000 in 2005
• 5,351,273,000 in 2004
• 4,039,818,000 in 2003
• 3,835,347,000 in 2002
• b. The amount is out of a total of approximately
  40 billion in Total Agriculture Products.
• c. This is approximately 13 of the total value
  of all agriculture products produced in CA.

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• 3. Leading States in Total Milk Produced (2005).
• a. California 37,564,000,000 pounds
• b. Wisconsin 22,866,000,000 pounds
• c. New York 12,078,000,000 pounds
• d. Pennsylvania 10,503,000,000 pounds
• e. Idaho 10,161,000,000 pounds
• 4. Leading States in Total Cow Numbers
• 2005 2004 1997
• a. California 1,755,000 1,725,000 1,325,000
• b. Wisconsin 1,236,000 1,241,000 1,393,000 -
• c. New York 648,000 655,000 699,000
  -
• d. Pennsylvania 561,000 562,000 639,000
  -
• e. Idaho 455,000 424,000
• Unites States 9,041,000 9,010,000 9,252,000
  
• These five states produce approximately 53 of
  the total milk producing in the U.S.

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• 5. Leading states in Pounds of Milk Produced per
  Cow in 2005.
• a. Washington 23,270 Pounds/Cow
• b. Arizona 22,957 Pounds/Cow
• c. Colorado 22,577 Pounds/Cow
• d. Idaho 22,332 Pounds/Cow
• e. Nevada 21,680 Pounds/Cow
• f. California 21,404 Pounds/Cow
• g. U.S. Average 19,576 Pounds/Cow
• California 21,404 lbs./cow / 305 day lactation
  70.2 lbs./day
• 70.2 lbs./cow/day/8.6 lbs./gallon 8.16
  gallons/day

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• Leading Counties in California Milk Produced
• Number Number Avg. of
  Total
• of cows of Dairies Cows/Dairy
  Milk (lbs.)
• A. Tulare 451,093
  334 1351 9,632,714,000
• B. Merced 239,786 327
  733 4,966,388,000
• C. Stanislaus 183,762 307
  599 3,835,654,000
• D. Kings 155,238 165
  941 3,225,096,000
• E. Kern 138,281
  55 2514 2,976,408,000
• F. San Bernardino 114,171 136
  839 2,395,609,000
• G. Fresno 112,600 118
  954 2,362,547,000
• H. San Joaquin 105,393 141
  747 2,223,457,000
• California 1,757,661 2,043 860
  37,564,000,000
• These counties accounted for 84 of Californias
  total milk production!

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C. Past, Present and Future Trends in the Dairy
Industry

• 1. Dairy changes of the last 10-20 years.
• a. Automatic Take-Off Milk Machines.
• b. No grain inside the milk barn.
• c. Outside feeding only TMR Total Mix
  Rations.
• d. Feed wagon mixers and distribution.
• e. Ultra-Filtration (50 of water removed).
• f. Ag Bags for silage and other feed.
• g. Freestall barns and Automatic Flush.

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• h. Flushing cows for embryos.
• i. Embryo Transfer.
• j. Foggers for hot days.
• k. Solids Separator.
• l. Calf pens with slats and automatic flush.
• m. Commodity feeding.
• n. Manure lagoons.
• o. Heat synchronization.
• p. Embryo Transfer.
• q. Back0flush Milking Machines.

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• r. Cheese Plant numbers increase.
• s. BST Bovine Somatotropin Hormone
• t. Sexing semen.
• u. Sexing embryos
• v. Freezing Embryos
• w. Pregnancies Resulting from Embryos.
• x. Maternity Pens.
• y. Records and milk weights on computer.
• z. California 1 in Total Milk Produced.

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• 2. Changes on the forefront of the Dairy
  Industry.
• a. Double-Deck Milk Barns
• b. Robot milking machines
• c. Heat detection linked to a computer.
• d. Computer chip implanted under the skin of a
  cow.
• e. Increase in the Jersey Numbers.
• f. Fewer Bulls to select from.
• g. Artificial Insemination Studs numbers down to
  6-10
• h. Increased use of pregnancies resulting from
  frozen embryos.

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• i. Cloning embryos (Mass Production)
• j. Sexing Semen (More Accurately)
• k. 1 - 2 of cows used for future genetics.
• l. Cow numbers to remain about the same.
• m. Increased use of computers.
• n. Gene splicing.
• o. Grade B milk to be terminated.
• p. Water quality to be a big issue.
• q. Number of cows per acre a factor.
• r. Waste Disposal to be addressed.
• s. Air Quality Restrictions tighter.
• t. Gene Identification (More Accurately)
• u. More Freestall operations.
• v. Continued Improvements in Dairy Nutrition.

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D. Milk and By-Product Consumption and Trends

• 1. Changed in consumption of milk/milk products
  over the past 20 years.

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E. Milk/Dairy Facts

• 1. Most dairymen milk twice per day however
  there is more of a trend to milk three times per
  day.
• 2. Standard lactation of a diary cow is measured
  based on a 305-day lactation.
• 3. Cow numbers in 1950 were 24,000,000 with
  production about 5,000 lbs./lactation or 16
  lbs./day or 1.9 gallons/day.
• 4. The milk price in 1985 was 13.50/cwt. Today
  the milk price is 11.10/cwt. Or about
  .95/gallon.
• 5. The retail price of milk today is
  approximately 2.89 per gallon.

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F. Stanislaus County Dairy Information

• 1. Number 3 ranked county in California 2005.
• 2. 307(-4) herdsaverage of 599 (25) cows.
• 3. Approximately 183,762 (5340) cows.
• 4. Culling rate is 29
• 5. Average Milk production 20,873 lbs./cow.
• 6. Average Fat 3.67(-.05) - 793 lbs.(-17) Of
  Fat
• 7. Average Solids Non Fat 8.81(.03) - 1,839
  lbs. SNF (-27lbs)
• 8. Average Protein 3.18 - 678 lbs.
  Protein.2004

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• 9. Other
• a. Average cow life 4 years.
• b. Calving interval 13 months
• c. Inseminations per conception 2.1
• d. Breed back in 60 80 days after calving.
• e. First calving should be at 2 years of age.
• f. Length of Gestation 279 283 days.
• g. Approximately 70 of all Dairy Cattle are
  bred A.I.

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G. How to get into the Dairy Business

• 1. Inherit
• 2. Marry
• 3. Work into partnership

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H. Advantage of the diary business

• 1. Dairy cattle used for feed roughages that
  might otherwise be wasted.
• 2. Dairying provides a steady income throughout
  the year.
• 3. Labor is used throughout the year.
• 4. Death losses in the dairy herd are usually
  low if good management is followed.
• 5. Soil Fertility is maintained.

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I. Disadvantages of the Dairy Business

• 1. A high capital investment is needed.
• 2. The labor requirement is high and the
  operator is confined to a regular schedule of
  milking.
• 3. Training and experience are needed before
  entering into the dairy business.

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• 4. Many management skills needed
• a. Financial Management
• b. Basic Sciences
• c. Herd Health Management
• d. Breeding (Genetics)
• e. Nutritional Management
• f. Production Records
• g. Etc.
• 5. It takes a relatively long time to develop a
  high-producing dairy herd.
• 6. The demand for dairy products appears to be
  dropping.
• 7. Federal, State and local regulations are
  increasing.

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THE END