FRBR

1
FRBR

• Functional requirements for bibliographic records
• (IFLA, 1998)
• Don Thornbury, RBSC Technical Services
• April 5, 2005

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Milestones 19th and 20th centuries

• Panizzi (1841)
• Cutter (1876)
• ALA rules, 1883-1941
• Paris principles (1961)
• AACR (1967)
• ISBD (1971- )
• AACR2 (1978- )
• FRBR (1998)

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21st century AACR3

• In 2001, JSC decided that FRBR terminology
  should be incorporated into AACR. Since that
  time, rule revisions have been proposed to ensure
  that FRBR terms will be used in AACR. This will
  require introduction of new terms as well as
  redefinition of existing usage.

4
Development of FRBR

• Impetus 1990
• 1) economic realities faced by libraries and
  the need to reduce the cost of cataloging 2)
  importance of meeting user needs 3) addressing
  the various types of material and the various
  contexts within which bibliographic records are
  used
• Aim of the project
• produce a framework that would provide a
  clear, precisely stated, and commonly shared
  understanding of what it is that the
  bibliographic record aims to provide information
  about, and what it is that we expect the record
  to achieve in terms of answering user needs
• Drafting began 1995 published 1998
• http//www.ifla.org/VII/s13/frbr/frbr.htm

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FRBR methodology

• The methodology used in this study is based
  on an entity analysis technique that is used in
  the development of conceptual models for
  relational database systems. Although the study
  is not intended to serve directly as a basis for
  the design of bibliographic databases, the
  technique was chosen as the basis for the
  methodology because it provides a structured
  approach to the analysis of data requirements
  that facilitates the processes of definition and
  delineation that were set out in the terms of
  reference for the study. (2.3)

Translation We need to figure out what
things were talking about in cataloging, what
there is to say about them, and how they relate
to one another.
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FRBR entities 3 types

• Products of intellectual or artistic endeavor
  that are named or described in bibliographic
  records work, expression, manifestation, and
  item.
• Aggregate and Component entities anthology,
  series, archival fond et al. chapter,
  article et al.
• Entities responsible for the intellectual or
  artistic content, the physical production and
  dissemination, or the custodianship of such
  products person and corporate body.
• Subjects of intellectual or artistic endeavour
  the above entities, plus concept, object, event,
  and place.

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Work Expression Manifestation Item

• A distinct intellectual or artistic creation.
• An abstract entity can be hard to define and
  delineate.
• Attributes title, form, date et al.

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Work Expression Manifestation Item

• The intellectual or artistic realization of a
  work in the form of alpha-numeric, musical, or
  choreographic notation, sound, image, object,
  movement, etc., or any combination of such
  forms.
• Reflects distinctions in intellectual or artistic
  content between one realization and another of
  the same work.
• Attributes title, form, date, language,
  sequencing pattern (serial), type of score
  (musical notation), medium of performance
  (musical notation or recorded sound) et al.

9
Work Expression Manifestation Item

• The physical embodiment of an expression of a
  work all the physical objects that bear the
  same characteristics, in respect to both
  intellectual content and physical form.
• Can be a set of items that result from a single
  act of production, or unique productions such as
  manuscripts, original oil paintings, etc.
• Attributes title, statement of responsibility,
  edition/issue designation, place and date of
  publication/distribution, publisher/distributor,
  series statement, foliation (hand-printed book),
  publication status (serial), playing speed (sound
  recording), reduction ratio (microform), mode of
  access (remote access electronic resource) et
  al.

10
Work Expression Manifestation Item

• A single exemplar of a manifestation.
• Often a single physical object (e.g., a copy of a
  one-volume monograph), but can be more than one
  (e.g., a monograph issued as two separately bound
  volumes, a recording issued on three separate
  compact discs, etc.)
• Attributes item identifier, provenance,
  marks/inscriptions, condition et al.

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Entity relationships

• Relationships are the vehicle for depicting
  links between one entity and another, and thus as
  the means of assisting the user to navigate the
  universe that is represented in a bibliography,
  catalogue, or bibliographic database.
• Many kinds of relationships among entities
  realization, embodiment, equivalence,
  whole-to-part, part-to-part et al.

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Entity relationships Work Item
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Other entity relationships

• Work-to-Work Successor, Supplement, Adaptation,
  Whole/Part et al.
• Expression-to-Expression Translation,
  Abridgement et al.
• Manifestation-to-Manifestation Reprint, Mirror
  site et al.
• Item Bound with et al.

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FRBR and MARC

• In LCs action plan for bibliographic control of
  web resources (2001)
• Enhance MARC 21 to support display of
  hierarchical relationships among records for a
  work, its expressions and its manifestations
  (based on the IFLA Functional Requirements for
  Bibliographic Records (FRBR))
• MARC to FRBR 83 pages of element mapping (ca.
  2600 data elements in MARC)
• FRBR to MARC 74 pages of element mapping

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MARC

• 000 cam a
• 001 2465968
• 008 821108 s 1912 gw 0 0 0 0 ger d
• 035 a (OCoLC)ocm08935092035
• 040 a ZIH c ZIH d PUL
• 041 a ger h eng
• 100 a Shakespeare, William, d 1564-1616.
• 240 10 a Hamlet. l German
• 245 10 a Hamlet, Prinz von Dèanemark / c von
  William Shakespeare èubersezt von Heinrich
  Voss.
• 260 a Dèusseldorf b E. Ohle, c 1912
• 300 a 145 p. c 28 cm.
• 500 a Number 141 of an edition of 200 copies.
  5 NjP
• 563 a Bound by Carl Sonntag jun. in Leipzig.
  5 NjP
• 700 1 a Voss, Heinrich, d 1779-1822.
• 852 8 b ex h 3925.342.11
• 876 a 32101037428800

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MARC FRBR mapping

• 000 cam a
• 001 2465968
• 008 821108 s 1912 gw 0 0 0 0 ger d
• 035 a (OCoLC)ocm08935092035
• 040 a ZIH c ZIH d PUL
• 041 1 a ger h eng
• 100 1 a Shakespeare, William, d 1564-1616.
• 240 10 a Hamlet. l German
• 245 10 a Hamlet, Prinz von Dèanemark / c von
  William Shakespeare èubersezt von Heinrich
  Voss.
• 260 a Dèusseldorf b E. Ohle, c 1912
• 300 a 145 p. c 28 cm.
• 500 a Number 141 of an edition of 200 copies.
  5 NjP
• 563 a Bound by Carl Sonntag jun. in Leipzig. 5
  NjP
• 700 1 a Voss, Heinrich, d 1779-1822.
• 852 8 b ex h 3925.342.11
• 876 a 32101037428800
• Field data Work Expression Manifestation Item
  Record

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A fresh start Numismatics

• No standard
• Many attributes issuer, denomination, metal,
  symbol, subject et al.
• Identifying entities
• Mapping to FRBR
• Relational database
• Cataloger functionality Data entry

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Resources

• FRBR
• http//www.ifla.org/VII/s13/frbr/frbr.htm
• Tillett
• http//www.loc.gov/catdir/cpso/frbreng.pdf
  http//www.loc.gov/cds/downloads/FRBR.PDF
• MARC and FRBR http//www.loc.gov/marc/marc-functi
  onal-analysis/frbr.html

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Conclusion

• FRBR
• is already part of catalogers intellectual
  
  environment
• permeates AACR3
• influences system design

• FRBR