Section 1E Critical Thinking In Everyday Life pages 67-80

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Section 1ECritical Thinking In Everyday
Lifepages 67-80
1-E

• General Guidelines
• 1. Read (or listen) carefully.
• 2. Look for hidden assumptions.
• 3. Identify the real issue.
• 4. Use visual aids.
• 5. Understand all the options.
• 6. Watch for fine print and missing information.
• 7. Are other conclusions possible?

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Critical Thinking In Everyday Life
1-E

• General Guidelines.
• 1. Read (or listen) carefully.
• 2. Look for hidden assumptions.
• 3. Identify the real issue.
• 4. Use visual aids.
• 5. Understand all the options.
• 6. Watch for fine print and missing information.
• 7. Are other conclusions possible?

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Example 1

• Shall there be an amendment to the Colorado
  constitution to prohibit the state of Colorado
  and any of its political subdivisions from
  adopting or enforcing any law or policy which
  provides that homosexual, lesbian, or bisexual
  orientation, conduct or relationships constitutes
  or entitles a person to claim any minority or
  protected status, quota preferences, or
  discrimination?

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• Shall there be an amendment to the Colorado
  constitution to prohibit the state of Colorado
  and any of its political subdivisions from
  adopting or enforcing any law or policy which
  provides that homosexual, lesbian, or bisexual
  orientation, conduct or relationships constitutes
  or entitles a person to claim any minority or
  protected status, quota preferences, or
  discrimination?

Yes vote against gay rights No vote for gay
rights
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Critical Thinking In Everyday Life
1-E

• General Guidelines.
• 1. Read (or listen) carefully.
• 2. Look for hidden assumptions.
• 3. Identify the real issue.
• 4. Use visual aids.
• 5. Understand all the options.
• 6. Watch for fine print and missing information.
• 7. Are other conclusions possible?

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Example 2

• We should build more prisons because
  incarcerating more criminals will reduce the
  crime rate.

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with Hidden Assumptions

• P If we build more prisons, more criminals
• can be put in them.
• P If we incarcerate more criminals, then the
• crime rate will be reduced.
• P If the crime rate is reduced, then we will
• have a more desirable society.
• P If a policy leads to a more desirable
  society, then we should enact it.
• C We should build more prisons.

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Critical Thinking In Everyday Life
1-E

• General Guidelines.
• 1. Read (or listen) carefully.
• 2. Look for hidden assumptions.
• 3. Identify the real issue.
• 4. Use visual aids.
• 5. Understand all the options.
• 6. Watch for fine print and missing information.
• 7. Are other conclusions possible?

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Example 3

• With last Saturdays sellout crowd at the
  Moonlight Amphitheater, it is clear that the
  parking problem has become hopeless. Concert
  goers parked along residential streets up to a
  mile away from the amphitheater, badly
  overcrowding sidewalks, blocking driveways, and
  disrupting traffic. In light of this parking
  problem, future rock concerts should be canceled.

Parking or Rock Concerts
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Critical Thinking In Everyday Life
1-E

• General Guidelines.
• 1. Read (or listen) carefully.
• 2. Look for hidden assumptions.
• 3. Identify the real issue.
• 4. Use visual aids.
• 5. Understand all the options.
• 6. Watch for fine print and missing information.
• 7. Are other conclusions possible?

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Example 4

• A single person who can be claimed as a dependent
  on another persons tax return and is either 65
  or older or blind must file a return if
• i) earned income was more than 5350 (6400 if 65
  or older and blind) or
• ii) unearned income was more than 1750 (2800 if
  65 or older and blind) or
• iii) gross income was more than the total of
  earned income (up to 4300) or 700, whichever is
  greater plus 1050 (2100 if 65 or over and blind)

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(No Transcript)
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• Chase is 15, and claimed as a dependent on his
  parents tax return. He has an earned income of
  6500. Does this policy apply to Chase? Must he
  file a return?

This policy does not apply to Chase.
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• Carmen is single, 24, blind, claimed as a
  dependent on her parents return. Her earned
  income is 6500, and her unearned income is 750.
  Must she file a return?

Her earned income is more than 5350 so YES she
must file a return.
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• Serena is 68, single, blind, claimed as a
  dependent on her sons return. Her gross income
  is 2500, earned income is 550. Must she file a
  return?

2500 is less than 6400 and is less than the
greater of 2650 and 2800.
So, NO she must not file a return.
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Critical Thinking In Everyday Life
1-E

• General Guidelines.
• 1. Read (or listen) carefully.
• 2. Look for hidden assumptions.
• 3. Identify the real issue.
• 4. Use visual aids.
• 5. Understand all the options.
• 6. Watch for fine print and missing information.
• 7. Are other conclusions possible?

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Example 5

• You are planning a trip six months in advance and
  discover you have two ticket options
• A fare of 1100, but 25 is nonrefundable if you
  change or cancel the ticket.
• A fully refundable ticket is available for 1900.

• Ticket A
• GO 1100
• Cancel 275

• Ticket B
• GO 1900
• Cancel 0

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Critical Thinking In Everyday Life
1-E

• General Guidelines.
• 1. Read (or listen) carefully.
• 2. Look for hidden assumptions.
• 3. Identify the real issue.
• 4. Use visual aids.
• 5. Understand all the options.
• 6. Watch for fine print and missing information.
• 7. Are other conclusions possible?

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Example 6

• Ive enclosed 1.50 (thats 1 for 12 CDs plus
  1.49 for enrollment charge). I agree to buy 6
  CDs at regular Club prices within the next two
  years.
• A shipping/handling charge is added to each
  shipment. Applicable sales tax added to each
  order.

The 12 CDs arrived with an invoice of 36.50!
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Critical Thinking In Everyday Life
1-E

• General Guidelines.
• 1. Read (or listen) carefully.
• 2. Look for hidden assumptions.
• 3. Identify the real issue.
• 4. Use visual aids.
• 5. Understand all the options.
• 6. Watch for fine print and missing information.
• 7. Are other conclusions possible?

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• Example 7
• The development of nuclear weapons changed the
  way world leaders think about potential
  conflicts. A single nuclear weapon can kill
  millions of people, and the arsenals of the
  United States and the Soviet Union contained
  enough power to kill everyone on Earth many times
  over. This potential for catastrophic damage led
  to the idea of nuclear deterrence, which held
  that the United States and the Soviet Union would
  be deterred from direct warfare by the fear of
  nuclear war. For the more than 45 years of the
  Cold War, the United States and the Soviet Union
  never did fight directly. This was one of the
  longest periods in human history during which two
  major enemies avoided direct war. We can only
  conclude that nuclear deterrence prevented war
  between the United States and the Soviet Union.

We can only conclude that nuclear deterrence
prevented war between the United States and the
Soviet Union.
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ExamplesDoes it Make Sense?

• 7/75 Sue prefers the Red Shuttle because it gets
  her to the airport in an hour and a half, while
  the Blue Shuttle takes 80 minutes.
• 10/75 Auto policy A has 3000 worth of collision
  insurance with an annual premium of 400. Auto
  policy B has 3000 worth of collision insurance
  with an annual premium of 300. Clearly policy B
  is the better policy.

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ExamplesHidden Assumptions

• 13/75 We should stop renting and buy a house now
  because interest rates are so low.
• Identify at least 2 hidden assumptions

Financial capability, locale stability..
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ExamplesDecision Making

• 32/78 I need a special computer for a project I
  will be working on for the next 3 months. After
  that, I will no longer need the computer. I can
  lease the computer for 350/month, or I can buy
  it for 2100. If I resell it after 3 months, I
  can expect to get 1200.

• Lease Cost 3x3501050

• Purchase Cost 2100 -1200 900

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Homework

• Pages 75-79
• 12, 19, 24, 36