Islamic Fundamentalism

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Islamic Fundamentalism

• By
• Eric Kassel
• Daryl Ely

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What is Fundamentalism

• Why was it developed?
• To describe a certain movement within the
  Protestant Christian movement.
• Martin Marty Scott Appleby define
  fundamentalism as a movement generated as a
  reaction to threats to the identity of the group.
• Meets threats with selective re-work doctrine
  from the past and leads to a new political
  program for the future society.

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What is Fundamentalism Cont!

• Two basic fundamental features.
• 1. The belief that definitive set of principles
  exist which both necessary and sufficient for the
  overall guidance of human behavior.
• 2. The belief that principles drive from
  impeccable organization of development of
  universal truths.
• Cant be questioned.

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Weak Fundamentalist

• A Weaker version of fundamentalism.
• EX
• China Confucianism.
• Mild claims . No formal organization.

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Origins of modern Fundamentalism.
1st Fundamental movement
Martin Luther
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Origins of modern Fundamentalism.

• Martin Luther
• Protestant Reformation in 1517.
• Posted the 95 thesis against the Catholic Church.
• He thought the church was corrupt.
• Thought should go back to original bible.
• Said nothing about the sale of indulgences and
  the church owning the land/
• Protestant reformation
• A protest of social, political, and religious
  movement, call to go back to fundamental belief
  in the bible.

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The Nature of Political Islam

• 1. Efforts to achieve an independent Egypt,
  Syria, and Iraq use Islam as a platform for their
  struggle.
• 2. The Baathist Party of Syria, Iraq, and Egypt
  use Islam for political reason.

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The Nature of Political Islam

• 3. Post World War II and modern WAR problems
  created by the WEST
• Poverty
• Lack of Education
• Low job security and poor economic status.
• Social turmoil. Created by colonist!!!!!
• Islam was the Solution for people.
• Turn to leaders like Ayatollah Khomeini who
  started the Islamic Revolution in 1779 against
  the US.

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Fundamentalism in Afghanistan.
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Fundamentalism in Afghanistan.

• Started by birth British needed their large
  supply of opium for their war with China. Result
  in Imperialism BAD!!!!
• In 1979 Soviet Union invaded Afghanistan. The US
  and Britain help the Afghan freedom fighters that
  would turn into a large fundamental group called
  the Taliban, which means student of the Koran.
• Imperial Russia under Peter the Great and
  Catherin wanted warm water port. 1979 Russia
  invaded Afghanistan and resulted in their
  Vietnam.
• B/C of this the Taliban came into power. After
  the conflict in 1979, the Taliban demanded a seat
  in government.

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Taliban.

• Leader was Mullah Mohammed Omar.
• Changed up life by introducing Islam into all
  facets of life.
• He got funds from Osama Bin Laden.
• Want extreme political government that puts focus
  of Islam at the center.

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Taliban.

• Prohibited women from working, attending school,
  and being examined by male doctors.
• Males were punished for short beards, not going
  to the Mosque when told.
• Set up religious police on the streets to enforce
  laws.

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History of Hamas

• A religious political party.
• Came on the map in 1972, during the Munich
  Olympic games.
• Have no official land, b/c of the Balfour
  Declaration. Get help and from Iran.
• It is significant b/c has something to do with
  Palestine and issues with Israel.
• Since as recent as 1999, Hamas has been leasing a
  campaign of suicide bombings, handing out leaf
  lets aimed at the Palestinian people expressing
  their ideas.
• Have current control of the Gaza Strip and
  associate with the PLO or Palestine Liberation
  Organization.

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Belfour Declaration of 1917

• Takes place during WWI, when Britain asked the
  Palestine government to help fight the Turks.
  They dont help, but the Jewish people did.
• Britain gave the Palestine land to the Jews and
  formed Israel. This was illegal.

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Political Islam in Iran Revolution of 1979.

• The Revolution was lead by Ayatollah Khomeini.
• He was believed to be the 12th Imam.
• He was exiled to Iraq, and later to Paris.
• In 1979, the Shaw of Iran lost power when he
  tried to implement secular western modernization
  to his people.
• This resulted with discontent with his people.
• They invited Ayatollah Khomeini to take power in
  Iran.
• He took power based on Islamic principles.

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Ayatollah
Khomeini
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Islamic Government

• Go against ideology like Locke, Hobbes, and
  Rousseau.
• Every aspect of the state is based around Islam.
• Theocracy everything is ran by religion, the
  government follows religion.
• Follow the law set forth by Muslim clerics.
• Fatwa means go against the state.
• Dangerous b/c government in the hands of religion
  and may remain backwards.

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Not just Islamic fundamentalist.

• America.
• Europe.
• Buddhist and Hindus.
• Sikhism in India.
• Sri Lanka.