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The Jazz Age and the KKK

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Immigration Restriction Cartoon on the Quota Act of 1921 ... Scopes Trial Darrow as a Street Player. Scopes Trial Monkeys Vote on Evolution ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: The Jazz Age and the KKK


1
The Jazz Age and the KKK
2
Klan Resurgence gt Timeline of Klan History
  • founded during Reconstruction, collapsed in
    1870s
  • revived in 1915 (in part because of the movie
    Birth of a Nation)
  • resurgence of popularity in the 1920s, but
    collapsed again by the 1930s
  • again reappears in the 1950s

3
Klan Resurgence gt Poster for the Film The Birth
of a Nation by W.G. Griffith (1915)
4
Klan Resurgence gt NAACP Protest the Screening of
The Birth of a Nation, 1947
5
Klan Resurgence gt Key Scenes in The Birth of a
Nation
  • intertitles drawn from A History of the American
    People (1902) by then-president Woodrow Wilson
  • black legislators lolling in their chairs in the
    South Carolina legislature in the early 1870s
  • white children don white sheets and scare black
    children nearby, inspiring Klan outfits
  • Klansmen dump the body of the character Gus, an
    African American, who they had killed for causing
    a young white woman, Flora, to jump off a cliff

6
Klan in the 1920s gt Washington, D.C. Parade
7
Klan in the 1920s gt Social Movements Supported by
the Klan
  • prohibition
  • anti-immigrant sentiments
  • anti-radicalism
  • religious fundamentalism
  • morality and family values

8
Klan in the 1920s gt Different Historical
Explanations of the Klan
  • racist and nativist movement
  • populist movement
  • reform movement
  • reactionary movement

9
Immigration Restriction gt Ku Klux Klan Marching
in DC
10
Immigration Restriction gt Cartoon on the Literacy
Test
11
Immigration Restriction gt Cartoon on the Quota
Act of 1921
12
Immigration Act of 1924 (The Johnson-Reed Act)
  • Based ceilings on the number of immigrants from
    any particular nation on 2 percent of each
    nationality recorded in the 1890 census
  • Was directed against immigrants from Southern
    and Eastern Europe who arrived in large numbers
    after 1890
  • Barred all immigrants ineligible for citizenship
    on racial grounds, including all south and east
    Asians (including Indians, Japanese, and Chinese)

13
Immigration Act of 1924 gt Annual Immigration
Quotas
  • Germany - 51,227
  • Great Britain - 34,007
  • Ireland - 28,567
  • Italy - 3,845
  • Hungary - 473
  • Greece - 100
  • Egypt - 100

14
Immigration Act of 1924 gt Map of Europe, Literary
Digest, 1924
15
Immigration Restriction gt U.S. v Bhagat Singh
Thind, 1923
16
Prosperity gt Who Prospered in the 1920s?
  • 1200 mergers caused the disappearance of over
    600 independent enterprises
  • top 0.1 of U.S. families in 1929 had combined
    income as large as bottom 42
  • i. e. approx 24,000 families had combined income
    as large as 11.5 million poor and lower-class
    families
  • per capita income in the U.S. rose 9 between
    1920-1929
  • per capita income for the top 24,000 families
    rose 75
  • 80 of families had no savings
  • farmers did not prosper - 1/4 of all employment
  • less than 10 invested in the stock market

17
Prosperity gt Bruce Barton, author of The Man
Nobody Knows, here with Hollywood producer
Cecil B. DeMille, 1920s
18
Prosperity gt Welfare Capitalism Shoe Companys
Billboard Ad, 1923
19
Prosperity gt Comic Strip on Workers Owning
Shares, 1929
20
Automobile gt Automobile Sales and Registration
21
Automobile gt Ford Model T, 1920s
22
Automobile gt Ford Model T French Ad, 1924
23
Automobile gt General Motors Ad, 1925
24
Automobile gt Cadillac Ad, 1925
25
Automobile gt Ford Assembly Line, Model A, 1928
26
Automobile gt Ford Model A Ad, 1929
27
Automobile gt Song about Ford Model A, 1928
28
Automobile gt Chevrolet Ad, 1931
29
Automobile gt Paige-Jewett Car Ad, 1929
30
Great Migration gt Social Patterns
  • from rural areas to cities
  • from the South to the North
  • Appalachian whites
  • Puerto Ricans
  • African Americans

31
Great Migration gt Motives
  • immigration slows down because of WW I
  • more work because of WW I
  • more jobs for groups previously left out--women,
    rural migrants, racial minorities
  • racial segregation and violence in the South
  • sharecropping
  • natural disasters such as floods and boll weevil
    infestations
  • conscious choice on the part of migrants (many
    did not leave)

32
Great Migration gt Railroad Routes
33
Great Migration gt Painting by Jacob Lawrence, 1940
34
Great Migration gt Painting by Jacob Lawrence, 1940
35
Harlem Renaissance gt Marcus Garveys Supporters
Parade in Harlem
36
Harlem Renaissance gt NAACP Anti-Lynching Ad in
the New York Times
37
Harlem Renaissance gt Zora Neale Hurston Photo by
Carl Van Vechten
38
Harlem Renaissance gt The Crisis Ad for Black Swan
Records, 1923
39
Harlem Renaissance gt The Crisis Cover, 1929
40
Leon Bix Beiderbecke, Sorry, 1928
41
Louis Armstrong, Weather Bird, 1928
42
New Woman gt Magazine illustrations Gibson
Girls by Charles Gibson--a beauty standard of
the 1900s--and a flapper by John Held, Jr. from
the 1920s
43
New Woman gt Suffragists picketing the White
House, January 1917
44
New Woman gt Department Stores and Consumer Culture
45
New Woman gt Working-class women at the turn of
the century
46
New Woman gt John Held, Jr. Flappers have no
manners or brains
47
New Woman gt John Held, Jr. Its all right,
Santa-- you can come in. My parents still
believe in you.
48
New Woman gt John Held, Jr., dustjackets for F.
Scott Fitzgerald novels
49
New Woman gt Film Actress Louise Brooks and a
comic strip she inspired
50
New Woman gt Actress Clara Bow, the ultimate
flapper in It (1927) and Dangerous Curves (1929)
51
Fundamentalism gt Timeline
  • Word coined at around 1910
  • Denotes religious groups that take the Bible
    literally
  • Popular and active in the 1920s
  • Then the movement retreats from politics until
    1980s, in part because of the Scopes Trial

52
Fundamentalism gt Church Membership
53
Fundamentalism gt Actor Lionel Barrymore and
Modern Christ
54
Scopes Trial gt Cartoon on Evolution
55
Scopes Trial gt W. J. Bryans Cartoon against
Modernity, 1924
56
Scopes Trial gt Cartoon comparing Bolsheviks and
Scientists, 1925
57
Scopes Trial gt Bryan and Darrow
58
Scopes Trial gt Bryan as Don Quixote
59
Scopes Trial gt Darrow as a Street Player
60
Scopes Trial gt Monkeys Vote on Evolution
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