Title: The Jazz Age and the KKK
1The Jazz Age and the KKK
2Klan Resurgence gt Timeline of Klan History
- founded during Reconstruction, collapsed in
1870s - revived in 1915 (in part because of the movie
Birth of a Nation) - resurgence of popularity in the 1920s, but
collapsed again by the 1930s - again reappears in the 1950s
3Klan Resurgence gt Poster for the Film The Birth
of a Nation by W.G. Griffith (1915)
4Klan Resurgence gt NAACP Protest the Screening of
The Birth of a Nation, 1947
5Klan Resurgence gt Key Scenes in The Birth of a
Nation
- intertitles drawn from A History of the American
People (1902) by then-president Woodrow Wilson - black legislators lolling in their chairs in the
South Carolina legislature in the early 1870s - white children don white sheets and scare black
children nearby, inspiring Klan outfits - Klansmen dump the body of the character Gus, an
African American, who they had killed for causing
a young white woman, Flora, to jump off a cliff
6Klan in the 1920s gt Washington, D.C. Parade
7Klan in the 1920s gt Social Movements Supported by
the Klan
- prohibition
- anti-immigrant sentiments
- anti-radicalism
- religious fundamentalism
- morality and family values
8Klan in the 1920s gt Different Historical
Explanations of the Klan
- racist and nativist movement
- populist movement
- reform movement
- reactionary movement
9Immigration Restriction gt Ku Klux Klan Marching
in DC
10Immigration Restriction gt Cartoon on the Literacy
Test
11Immigration Restriction gt Cartoon on the Quota
Act of 1921
12Immigration Act of 1924 (The Johnson-Reed Act)
- Based ceilings on the number of immigrants from
any particular nation on 2 percent of each
nationality recorded in the 1890 census - Was directed against immigrants from Southern
and Eastern Europe who arrived in large numbers
after 1890 - Barred all immigrants ineligible for citizenship
on racial grounds, including all south and east
Asians (including Indians, Japanese, and Chinese)
13Immigration Act of 1924 gt Annual Immigration
Quotas
- Germany - 51,227
- Great Britain - 34,007
- Ireland - 28,567
- Italy - 3,845
- Hungary - 473
- Greece - 100
- Egypt - 100
14Immigration Act of 1924 gt Map of Europe, Literary
Digest, 1924
15Immigration Restriction gt U.S. v Bhagat Singh
Thind, 1923
16Prosperity gt Who Prospered in the 1920s?
- 1200 mergers caused the disappearance of over
600 independent enterprises - top 0.1 of U.S. families in 1929 had combined
income as large as bottom 42 - i. e. approx 24,000 families had combined income
as large as 11.5 million poor and lower-class
families - per capita income in the U.S. rose 9 between
1920-1929 - per capita income for the top 24,000 families
rose 75 - 80 of families had no savings
- farmers did not prosper - 1/4 of all employment
- less than 10 invested in the stock market
17Prosperity gt Bruce Barton, author of The Man
Nobody Knows, here with Hollywood producer
Cecil B. DeMille, 1920s
18Prosperity gt Welfare Capitalism Shoe Companys
Billboard Ad, 1923
19Prosperity gt Comic Strip on Workers Owning
Shares, 1929
20Automobile gt Automobile Sales and Registration
21Automobile gt Ford Model T, 1920s
22Automobile gt Ford Model T French Ad, 1924
23Automobile gt General Motors Ad, 1925
24Automobile gt Cadillac Ad, 1925
25Automobile gt Ford Assembly Line, Model A, 1928
26Automobile gt Ford Model A Ad, 1929
27Automobile gt Song about Ford Model A, 1928
28Automobile gt Chevrolet Ad, 1931
29Automobile gt Paige-Jewett Car Ad, 1929
30Great Migration gt Social Patterns
- from rural areas to cities
- from the South to the North
- Appalachian whites
- Puerto Ricans
- African Americans
31Great Migration gt Motives
- immigration slows down because of WW I
- more work because of WW I
- more jobs for groups previously left out--women,
rural migrants, racial minorities - racial segregation and violence in the South
- sharecropping
- natural disasters such as floods and boll weevil
infestations - conscious choice on the part of migrants (many
did not leave)
32Great Migration gt Railroad Routes
33Great Migration gt Painting by Jacob Lawrence, 1940
34Great Migration gt Painting by Jacob Lawrence, 1940
35Harlem Renaissance gt Marcus Garveys Supporters
Parade in Harlem
36Harlem Renaissance gt NAACP Anti-Lynching Ad in
the New York Times
37Harlem Renaissance gt Zora Neale Hurston Photo by
Carl Van Vechten
38Harlem Renaissance gt The Crisis Ad for Black Swan
Records, 1923
39Harlem Renaissance gt The Crisis Cover, 1929
40Leon Bix Beiderbecke, Sorry, 1928
41Louis Armstrong, Weather Bird, 1928
42New Woman gt Magazine illustrations Gibson
Girls by Charles Gibson--a beauty standard of
the 1900s--and a flapper by John Held, Jr. from
the 1920s
43New Woman gt Suffragists picketing the White
House, January 1917
44New Woman gt Department Stores and Consumer Culture
45New Woman gt Working-class women at the turn of
the century
46New Woman gt John Held, Jr. Flappers have no
manners or brains
47New Woman gt John Held, Jr. Its all right,
Santa-- you can come in. My parents still
believe in you.
48New Woman gt John Held, Jr., dustjackets for F.
Scott Fitzgerald novels
49New Woman gt Film Actress Louise Brooks and a
comic strip she inspired
50New Woman gt Actress Clara Bow, the ultimate
flapper in It (1927) and Dangerous Curves (1929)
51Fundamentalism gt Timeline
- Word coined at around 1910
- Denotes religious groups that take the Bible
literally - Popular and active in the 1920s
- Then the movement retreats from politics until
1980s, in part because of the Scopes Trial
52Fundamentalism gt Church Membership
53Fundamentalism gt Actor Lionel Barrymore and
Modern Christ
54Scopes Trial gt Cartoon on Evolution
55Scopes Trial gt W. J. Bryans Cartoon against
Modernity, 1924
56Scopes Trial gt Cartoon comparing Bolsheviks and
Scientists, 1925
57Scopes Trial gt Bryan and Darrow
58Scopes Trial gt Bryan as Don Quixote
59Scopes Trial gt Darrow as a Street Player
60Scopes Trial gt Monkeys Vote on Evolution