Chapter 20 The Jazz Age

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Chapter 20The Jazz Age

• Section 1
• A Clash of Values

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Nativism Resurges

• In the 1920s, racism and nativism increased.
• Immigrants and demobilized military men and women
  competed for the same jobs during a time of high
  unemployment and an increased cost of living.

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The Sacco-Vanzetti Case

• Ethnic prejudice was the basis of the S-V case,
  in which two immigrant men were accused of murder
  and theft.
• They were thought to be anarchists, or opposed to
  all forms of govt.
• They were sentenced to death, and in 1927 they
  were executed.

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Pseudo-Scientific Racism

• Nativists used the idea of eugenics, the false
  science of the improvement of hereditary traits,
  to support arguments against immigration.
• They emphasized that human inequalities were
  inherited and said that inferior people should
  not be allowed to breed.

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Sir Francis GaltonFounder of Eugenics
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Return of the Ku Klux Klan

• KKK led the movement to restrict immigration.
• The new Klan not only targeted the African
  Americans but also Catholics, Jews, immigrants,
  and others who had un-American values.

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Return of the KKK

• Because of a publicity campaign, by 1924 the KKK
  had over 4 million members.
• Scandals and poor leadership led to the decline
  of the Klan in the late 1920s.

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Controlling Immigration

• 1921 Pres. Harding signed the Emergency Quota
  Act limited immigration to 3 of the total
  number of people in any ethnic group already
  living in the U.S.
• Discriminated heavily against southern and
  eastern Europeans.

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National Origins Act of 1924

• Made immigration restriction a permanent policy.
• Lowered the quota to 2.
• Exempted immigrants from the Western Hemisphere
  from the quotas.

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Hispanic Immigration to the U.S.

• Acts of 1921 1924 reduced the labor pool.
• Mexican immigrants began to pour into the U.S.
• Fled their country due to the aftermath of the
  Mexican Revolution of 1910.

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The New Morality

• The new morality challenged traditional ideas and
  glorified youth and personal freedom.
• Women broke away from families as they entered
  the workforce, earned their own livings, or
  attended college.
• The automobile gave American youth the
  opportunity to pursue interests away from their
  parents.

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Women in the 1920s

• Fashion changed dramatically in the 1920s
• The flapper, a young, dramatic, stylish, and
  unconventional woman, exemplified the change in
  womens behavior.
• She smoked, drank illegal liquor, and wore
  revealing clothes.
• Professionally women made advances as well.

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Edith Wharton

• Wrote The Age of Innocence.
• Won a Pulitzer Prize

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Florence Sabin

• Medical research led to a dramatic drop in death
  rates from tuberculosis.

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Margaret Sanger

• Founded the American Birth Control League in
  1921.
• Became Planned Parenthood in 1940s.

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Margaret Mead

• One of the first woman anthropoligists.
• Published Coming of Age in Somoa
• Described life in a Pacific island culture.

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The Fundamentalist Movement

• Fundamentalists rejected Darwin's theory of
  evolution.
• Believed in creationism that God created the
  world as described in the Bible.

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The Scopes Trial

• 1925 Tennessee passed the Butler Act, made it
  illegal to teach anything that denied creationism
  and taught evolution instead.

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The Scopes Trial

• John T. Scopes, per the request of the ACLU,
  volunteered to test the Butler Act.
• Arrested and put on trial, found guilty, but the
  case was later overturned.
• After the trial many Fundamentalists withdrew
  from politics.

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Prohibition

• Many people felt the 18th Amendment, which
  prohibited alcohol, would reduce unemployment,
  domestic violence, and poverty.

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The Volstead Act

• Made the enforcement of Prohibition the
  responsibility of the U.S. Treasury Department.
• Until the 1900s, police powers a govt power to
  control people and property in the publics
  interest, had been the job of the state govt.

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Prohibition

• Americans ignored the laws of Prohibition.
• They went to secret bars called speakeasies.
• Crime became big business, and gangsters
  corrupted many local politicians and governments.

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Prohibition

• 1933 the ratification of the 21st Amendment
  ended Prohibition.
• It was a victory for modernism and a defeat for
  supporters of traditional values.

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End of Section 1

• Next Section 2
• Cultural Innovations