1920

1
1920s The jazz Age

• Chap 15

2
A Clash of values

• 1920s saw a clash between traditional and
  modern values
• Post WWI America was prosperous and confident,
  consumerism was on the rise
• Americans returned to isolationism and nativism

3
Resurgence of nativism and racism

• Who did we hate? In WWI we hated the Germans.
  After WWI we hated and feared the Communists and
  immigrants.
• Immigrants seen as threats.
• New quotas set to restrict immigration.

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The Red Scare

• After WWI, people feared the spread of communism,
  Workers of the world, UNITE!!
• (Bolshevik Revolution in Russia, 1917)
• Economy in turmoil after war govt price
  controls removedled to high prices, workers
  strikes
• Americans feared a communist conspiracy

6
The Palmer Raids 1919
7
Palmer Raids

• After a series of bombings, US Attorney General
  Robert Palmer conducts sweeping raids, arresting
  thousands of foreigners nation-wide. Many were
  jailed and/or deported. Civil liberties were
  ignored.
• Beginning of the FBI and J. Edgar Hoovers long
  career

8
Sacco-Vanzetti Trial

• Two immigrant anarchist convicted of burglary and
  murder after a prejudiced trial

I am suffering because I am a radical and indeed
I am a radical I have suffered because I am an
Italian and indeed I am an Italian.
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Eugenics the Pseudo-Science
10
Eugenics

• Used by nativists to argue superiority of whites.
• Said human inequalities were inherited
• Used to justify sterilization of mentally ill or
  handicapped Americans
• Studies will be used by Nazi Germany in its push
  to create a master race and exterminate
  undesirables

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Return of The KKK
13
1915 Ku Klux Klan

• Anti-black
• Anti-Catholic
• Anti-Jew
• Anti-immigrant
• wanted to
• preserve Americas white Protestant
  civilization.Not just a Southern organization,
  spread all over the United States.

14
Keep America American

• New laws restricted immigration, set quotas based
  on 1890 levels.
• Mexican immigrationMexico exempt from quotas
  take work in agriculture.
• Asian immigration stopped almost completely

15
The Scopes Monkey Trial

• Creationism v. Evolution
• Old-fashioned v. Modern
• William Jennings Bryan v. Clarence Darrow
• 1925 Tennessee --- High school teacher John
  Scopes found guilty of teaching evolution.

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prohibition
18
The Volstead act

• The law that enforced Prohibition
• Took authority from the state governments and
  made the Treasury Dept responsible for enforcing
  Prohibition.
• Increased the role of the federal govt in law
  enforcement

19
The new American Hero

• Sports baseball, boxing, football, basketball

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Mass Media

• Radio, newspaper, motion pictures, magazines help
  create a shared national culture

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African-American culture

• The Great Migration
• Hundreds of thousands of African Americans left
  the South moving to industrial cities looking for
  work and better lives.

25
African-American Politics

• African-Americans have fewer voting restrictions
  in Northern cities.
• Voting Blocs greater concentration of blacks
  voting in the cities. More success in
  influencing voting. Blacks tended to vote
  Republican
• NAACP continues its fight against segregation,
  discrimination, and lynching.

26
Harlem Renaissance
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Harlem

• An area in NYC where many African-Americans
  settled.
• Created a community of racial pride and success,
  political organization, and artistic development.

29
HarlemHome of JAZZ

• The Cotton Club, the Apollo, the Savoy

30
JAZZ and BLUES

• A style of music that grew out of Dixieland,
  ragtime, and African spiritual influences.
• Syncopated, soulful, swinging rhythms.
• Louis Armstrong, Duke Ellington, Bessie Smith,
  Josephine Baker

31
Writers and Poets of the Harlem Renaissance

• Claude McKay wrote against racism

• Langston Hughesfocus on African-American pride,
  expectation of equality

32
Black nationalism

• Promoted black pride and unity
• Led by Marcus Garvey.
• Believed African-Americans could gain economic
  and political power thru EDUCATION
• Also pushed for separation and independence from
  whites
• Garvey estd the UNIAUnited Negro Improvement
  Association
• Proposed that blacks everywhere should return to
  Africa Pan-African Movement

33
Marcus Garvey

• Federal officials believed Garvey to be
  dangerous, afraid he would incite rebellion and
  violence.
• Garvey was arrested and deported to Jamaica

34
Tulsa Race Riot

• 1921
• Greenwood district of Tulsa destroyed Americas
  Black Wall Street
• Riot begins after Tulsa Tribune article publishes
  account of black man attacking a white woman in
  an elevator
• White mobs burn Greenwood, citizens blocked fire
  dept from responding
• Official death toll is 35, but is probably closer
  to 300.
• No other arrests made
• Dick Rowland released Sarah Page did not press
  charges.
• http//www.tulsaworld.com/specialprojects/news/rac
  e-riot/multimedia.aspx