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P1251940860kgxaL

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Keys to Waste Reduction Record-Setters. Accept many materials ... Irish firms involved in plastic bag related industry show great flexibility in ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: P1251940860kgxaL


1
COG Recycling Committee, Washington, DC, March
19, 2009Controlling Plastic and Paper Bag
Pollution
The Scope of the Problem
Brenda Platt Institute for Local
Self-Reliance Sustainable Plastics
Initiative Sustainable Biomaterials
Collaborative www.ilsr.org
2
Plastic Woes
  • Non-renewable (geological timeframes to produce
    but consume in 1 to 10 years)
  • Health impacts (polymers differ)
  • Generally nonbiodegradable with devastating
    affects on ocean life
  • Demand and production skyrocketing
  • Plastics industry supports more drilling
  • Recycling and reuse low
  • Plastics industry supports incineration

3
Nonbiodegradable bioplastics coming
4
Known Impacts on Marine Life
  • 267 marine species entangled by or ingested
    plastic
  • 86 of all sea turtle species
  • 44 of all seabird species (over 80 species)
  • 100,000 marine mammals die each year in the North
    Pacific alone from entanglement

Source Captain Charles Moore, Agalita Marine
Research Foundation
5
6 times more plastic than plankton by mass
Source Captain Charles Moore, Agalita Marine
Research Foundation
6
Source Captain Charles Moore, Agalita Marine
Research Foundation
7
Plastic bags were found to be main culprit during
the 1988 and 1998 floods in Bangladesh
8
Human Footprint
9
Plastic Packaging Discarded
Thousands of tons
Source US EPA, 2007 data (http//www.epa.gov/epa
oswer/non-hw/muncpl/msw99.htm)
10
Plastic Bags, Sacks Wraps Discarded
Thousands of tons
Source US EPA, 2007 data (http//www.epa.gov/epa
oswer/non-hw/muncpl/msw99.htm)
11
Wasting Trend in U.S.
12
Wasting connected to ghg
  • 4.6 of global population
  • Consume one-third of Earths timber and paper
  • Generate 22 of global CO2 emissions
  • Produce 30 of worlds waste

13
The Wasteberg
  • For every ton of municipal trash, 71 tons of
    waste are produced during manufacturing, mining,
    oil and gas exploration, agriculture, and coal
    combustion.

14
Upstream 71 x MSW Waste
15
Alternate Path
16
  • Proposed Solutions

17
Keys to Waste Reduction Record-Setters
  • Accept many materials
  • Convenience (e.g., curbside, weekly pickup, bins)
  • Compost
  • Mandate recycling
  • Institute pay-as-you-throw trash fees
  • Target all sectors
  • Augment curbside with drop-off
  • Educate, educate, educate
  • Market materials

Institute for Local Self-Reliance
18
Institutional Framework
  • Landfill bans
  • Recycling goals and requirements
  • Beverage container deposits
  • Recycled-content laws
  • Creative funding mechanisms
  • Buy recycled programs
  • Pay-as-you-throw trash fees

Institute for Local Self-Reliance
19
Changing the rules in San Francisco
  • 75 diversion goal by 2010 zero waste goal by
    2020
  • Bans polystyrene take-out containers
  • Requires retail bags to be compostable plastic,
    recyclable paper, or reusable
  • Bans use of city funds to purchase single-serving
    bottled water
  • Will not give a street closure permit for events
    unless composting collection is in place
  • Extended producer responsibility (EPR) resolution

20
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21
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22
Solutions to Plastic Bag Problems
  • Establish recycling collection bins at large
    stores
  • Curbside collection of plastic bags
  • Bans
  • Outright ban
  • Specific stores (supermarkets and pharmacies)
  • Nonbiodegradable bags
  • Thin bags
  • Exceptions for dry cleaners
  • Imposed if use doesnt decrease by target s
  • Fees on paper bags
  • Levies

23
Communities Banning Plastic Bags
  • Alaska
  • Native Village of Koyuk (2001)
  • Native Village of Ft. Yukon (2003)
  • Louden Tribal Council (1999)
  • Native Village of Tanan
  • Aleut Community of St. Paul Island
  • New Stuyahok Village
  • California
  • San Francisco City and County (2007)
  • City of Oakland (2007)
  • Malibu (2008)
  • Manhattan Beach (2008)
  • City of Los Angeles (2008)
  • Encinitas (2008)
  • Fairfax, Marin County (2008)
  • Other USA
  • International
  • Corsica, France
  • Bhutan
  • Taiwan
  • China
  • Bangladesh
  • Mumbai, Delhi, Maharashtra, Kerala, India
  • Eritrea
  • Botswana
  • Rwanda
  • Somalia
  • Zanzibar Islands, Tanzania
  • Kenya
  • Uganda
  • Collingwood, New Zealand

24
Countries Communities with Per Bag Fees
  • Ireland
  • Taiwan
  • South Africa
  • Malta
  • Italy
  • Belgium
  • Denmark
  • Germany
  • Sweden
  • Israel
  • Victoria, Australia
  • Hong Kong

In Progress, Proposed, or Being
Studied Seattle, Washington 20 Santa Clara
County, CA 25 Pasadena, CA 25 on paper, ban
on plastic Toledo, Ohio New York City Washington,
DC
25
Ireland Results
  • Outstanding success
  • Plastic bags per person decreased from 328 to 21
    bags per person
  • Immediate reduction in plastic bag litter
  • Reusable long life shopping bags have largely
    replaced disposable plastic bags in the grocery
    sector
  • The availability of a viable alternative was a
    key factor in public acceptance
  • Irish firms involved in plastic bag related
    industry show great flexibility in providing
    reusable bags
  • 91 of those surveyed believe plastic bag levy is
    a good idea
  • Bag levy has not led to an increase in plastics
    landfilled
  • Any claims that levy has had a negative
    environmental impact have not been substantiated
    and are considered heresay

26
Ireland Results
27
Other Policy Results
  • Malta
  • 14 euro cents/bag levy introduced in 2005
  • Amount of plastic bags decreased by 22.5 million
  • Levy increased to 15 euro cents Nov. 2008
  • Taiwan
  • Restaurants, supermarkets, and convenience stores
    charge customers for plastics bags and utensils
    (2003)
  • 69 drop in use of plastic products
  • 77 cut back on use of plastic bags
  • 71 regularly carry used plastic bags to
    supermarkets
  • 43 brought their own plastic bag to convenience
    stores 40 do not ask for bags at convenience
    stores
  • 68 support the governments decision to continue
    restricting use of plastic bags

28
Other Policy Results
  • South Africa
  • Levy on plastic bags established in 2004
  • Portion of revenue collected used to create new
    joint business ventures and market for recycled
    material
  • Use of plastic bags cut in half (from 8 billion
    to 4 billion a year)
  • Less plastic bag litter, particularly in poorer
    areas
  • Large stores implemented regulations with success
  • The large supermarket chain, Pick n Pay, has
    promoted its version of the Green Bag (5.5
    million sold)
  • It has also designed a 2-tier trolley frame,
    allowing shoppers to collect and take home
    groceries in specially designed baskets (no need
    for a bag)
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