BASIC ENERGY SCIENCES Serving the Present, Shaping the Future

1
BASIC ENERGY SCIENCES -- Serving the Present,
Shaping the Future
Office of Basic Energy SciencesOffice of
ScienceU.S. Department of Energy
Office of Science
Nanoscale Science and Technologyin DOEs Office
of Science Presentation to Senate Roundtable
Discussion on Nanotechnology and the Future of
Medicine U.S. Senator Judd Gregg Chairman,
Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and
Pensions
Dr. Patricia M. Dehmer Director, Office of Basic
Energy Sciences (BES) Office of Science U.S.
Department of Energy 23 September 2003
http//www.sc.doe.gov/bes/
2
The Scale of Things Nanometers and More
Things Natural
Things Manmade
1 cm 10 mm
10-2 m
Head of a pin 1-2 mm
The Challenge
1,000,000 nanometers
10-3 m
1 millimeter (mm)
MicroElectroMechanical (MEMS) devices 10 -100 mm
wide
Microwave
0.1 mm 100 mm
10-4 m
Human hair 60-120 mm wide
0.01 mm 10 mm
Microworld
10-5 m
Pollen grain
Red blood cells
Infrared
Red blood cells with white cell 2-5 mm
Zone plate x-ray lensOuter ring spacing 35 nm
1,000 nanometers
10-6 m
1 micrometer (mm)
Visible
Fabricate and combine nanoscale building blocks
to make useful devices, e.g., a photosynthetic
reaction center with integral semiconductor
storage.
0.1 mm 100 nm
10-7 m
Self-assembled, Nature-inspired structuremany
10s of nm
Ultraviolet
0.01 mm 10 nm
Nanoworld
10-8 m
10 nm diameter
Nanotube electrode
ATP synthase
10-9 m
1 nanometer (nm)
Carbon buckyball 1 nm diameter
Soft x-ray
Carbon nanotube 1.3 nm diameter
DNA 2-1/2 nm diameter
10-10 m
0.1 nm
Quantum corral of 48 iron atoms on copper
surface positioned one at a time with an STM
tip Corral diameter 14 nm
Atoms of silicon spacing tenths of nm
Office of Basic Energy Sciences Office of
Science, U.S. DOE Version 09-18-03, pmd
3
BES National User Facilities for X-ray and
Neutron ScatteringEnabling Thousands of
Researchers to Visualize the Atomic World
Advanced Photon Source
Advanced Light Source
National Synchrotron Light Source
Intense Pulsed Neutron Source
Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory
Spallation Neutron Source
High-Flux Isotope Reactor
Manuel Lujan Jr. Neutron Scattering Center
Linac Coherent Light Source
4
BES National User Facilities for Nanoscale
ScienceFacilities (under Construction) for the
Synthesis, Characterization, and Study of
Nanoscale Materials
Center for Nanoscale Materials (Argonne National
Laboratory)
Molecular Foundry (Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory)
Center for Functional Nanomaterials (Brookhaven
National Laboratory)
Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences (Oak
Ridge National Laboratory)
Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies (Sandia
Los AlamosNational Labs)
Center for Nanoscale Materials Sciences (Oak
Ridge National Laboratory)
5
DOE Nanoscience Research is at the Intersection
of the Bio Physical Sciences
Example Biomolecular materials harnessing
Natures strategies in search of new materials
and processes for innovative energy technologies
Probing cellular processes Single-molecule
imaging and spectroscopies
Biomineralization
Biosynthesis of Polymers
Biological Strategies to New Materials
Living Cells in Hybrid Materials Systems
BIOMOLECULAR MATERIALS
Artificial cells
Hybrid Structures
Cell based sensors
Energy transducing membranes/processes
Bio/Inorganic interface
Biomolecular Functional Systems
Pores, gates and channels
Artificial enzymes
Motors, switches
6
Fundamental Research Repeatedly Produces
Surprises Example Ultrananocrystalline diamond
(UNCD) a versatile material with multiple
applications
Electron field emission devices
Artificial retina project
Participants 5 DOE Labs (ANL, LANL, LLNL, ORNL,
SNL), 2 Universities (USC, NCSU) Private Company
(Second Sight)
MEMS and NEMS devices

• WHAT? Diamond film with 3-5 nm grain sizes and
  many outstanding properties
• Hard as natural diamond
• Low coefficient of friction
• Electrical conductivity can be varied by
• many orders of magnitude
• High field emission from micropoints
• Chemically inert
• Bioinert and biocompatible
• WHERE? Developed at Argonne National Lab
• BLUE RIBBONS? Yes. The inventors of UNCD won an
  RD100 Award in 2003.

Hard, wear-resistant coatings