Regional Carbon Sequestration Partnerships

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Regional Carbon Sequestration Partnerships
Developing Infrastructure And Validating
Carbon Sequestration Technologies
John Litynski Environmental Projects
Division Presented at USDA Symposium on
Greenhouse Gases and Carbon Sequestration in
Agriculture and Forestry

• 21-24 February 2005

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Drivers
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Fossil Energy Americas Energy Foundation
2002
Oil 40
98 Quads
Renewables 7
Coal 23
Fossil fuels provide 86 of energy
Gas 24
Nuclear 6
40
2025
Oil 39
136 Quads
Coal 23
By 2020, reliance on fossil fuels remains stable
at 87
Renewables 6
Gas 24
Nuclear 8
Source AEO 2004
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Speculative GHG Stabilization Scenario to Meet
Goals of the Global Climate Change Initiative
Gap 5.3 Gt CO2 / yr
Business As Usual
Gt CO2 eq / year
U.S. emissions stabilization at 2001 level
NETL/ARI/Energetics 2004
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Other Potential Drivers

• Federal Policy Senate bills introduced
• McCain Lieberman Mandatory cap and trade
• Hagle Voluntary reduction, tax incentives
• State policy both mandatory and voluntary
• Over 25 states drafted and/or passed GHG
  legislation
• NE (RGGI) States and CA most aggressive
• 1605(b) GHG Voluntary Registry
• GHG Exchange Markets
• Overseas Markets (Kyoto)
• U.S. Voluntary Markets Chicago Climate Exchange

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Part of the Solution
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Large Potential Worldwide Storage Capacity
200,000
Potential Capacity Range
Capacity (GtC)
6.5 Gigatons
Deep Ocean
Deep Saline Formations
Depleted Oil Gas Reservoirs
Coal Seams
Terrestrial
Annual World Emissions
Storage Option
Storage Options IEA
Technical Review (TR4), March 23, 2004 Carbon
Capture Sequestration Program _at_MIT World
Emissions DOE/EIA, International Energy Outlook
2003, Table A10
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Sequestration Enables StabilizationCould Account
For gt 60 of Gap in 2050
Agriculture Significant Role in 2012 (30)
Smaller role in 2050 (3) Bridge to Technology
H2 w/ sequestration
CO2 Capture and Storage
Gt CO2 eq / year
Non-CO2 GHGs
Forestation and Agriculture
Efficiency and Renewables
DOE/FE/NETL Analysis 2004
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U.S. DOE/ Fossil Energy Sequestration Program
Core RD
Separation Capture of CO2
Carbon Sequestration Leadership Forum
Non-CO2 GHG Mitigation
Break- through Concepts
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Seven Regional Carbon Sequestration
PartnershipsAwarded Sept 2003
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Regional Carbon Sequestration Partnerships
Developing Infrastructure for Wide Scale
Deployment

• Baseline region for sources and sinks
• (geologic and terrestrial)
• Create action plans for regulatory, liability,
  environmental, and outreach issues
• Establish monitoring and
  verification protocols

These partnerships - 4 to 10 across the country,
each made up of private industry, universities,
and state and local governments - will become the
centerpiece of our sequestration program. They
will help us determine the technologies,
regulations, and infrastructure that are best
suited for specific regions of the
country. Energy Secretary Spencer
Abraham November 21, 2002

• Assess benefits to region
• Validating sequestration technology
  infrastructure
• Phase 1 - design
• Phase 2 - testing

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Two-Phased Approach

• Phase I (Characterization)
• 7 Partnerships (40 states)
• 6 considering terrestrial
• 24 months (2003-2005)

• Phase II (Field Validation Tests)
• 100 million
• 4 years (2005-2009)
• 14.3 million DOE funding / project
• Approximately 7 regions
• Phase III 2009-2013 ??

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Big Sky Regional Carbon Sequestration
PartnershipMontana State University - Bozeman

• Agriculture, rangelands, and forestry
• Conducting regional, aggregate analysis in
  support of policies for GHG reductions
• Appropriate MMV technologies
• Advanced systems (NIR, LIBS)
• Carbon Accounting Frameworks
• C-Lock (Expand to WY, MT, and ID)
• National Carbon Offset Coalition

Source SDSMT
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Midwest Regional Carbon Sequestration
PartnershipBattelle Memorial Institute / Ohio
State University

• Early deployment options at low cost
• No-till ? Afforestation ? Conversion Grasslands ?
  Wetland Restoration
• Biophysical potential of increased C in soils,
  biomass and litter
• MRCSP region represents significant CO2 offset
  technical potential
• Total Annual C Accumulation 39.1 MMT
• MRCSP region may offset 20 of CO2 emissions in
  region in Terrestrial Sinks
• MRCSP 20 Year C Accumulation 773 MMT

Source MRCSP
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Plains CO2 Reduction PartnershipUniv. of N.D.
Energy and Environmental Research Center

• Focus on two significant regional sinks
• Agricultural soils (152 MMTCE)
• Wetlands (374 MMTCE)
• Agricultural Soils (NDSU)
• Conversion to no-till or grass lands
• Economic vs. technical potential
• Perennial grasses are promising
• Glaciated North American Prairie Wetlands
• (USGS and Duck Unlimited Canada)
• Active sink for 2-3X longer than Ag soils
• Long term offset of other GHG emissions
• Couple with perennial grasses

Source USGS
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Southwest Partnership on Carbon
SequestrationN.M. Institute of Mining and
Technology

• Focusing on in Agriculture, Rangelands, and
  Forests
• Terrestrial sequestration in region is naturally
  limited by low average annual precipitation and
  the variability in precipitation
• Even in systems managed for carbon storage, wet
  years followed by a series of dry years may
  result in a net carbon flux from the system.
• Requires large scale implementation to reduce
  risks caused by variability in rainfall

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West Coast Regional Carbon Sequestration
PartnershipCalifornia Energy Commission

• Afforestation of Suitable Range Lands
• 9.3 million suitable hectares in CA
• Offset up to 12 of current CO2 emissions in
  entire region
• Forestry
• Lengthen rotations of existing stands
• Thinning to reduce fire risk matched with bio
  energy production
• Fire is single largest source of CO2 from
  Terrestrial
• MMV Key technical issue MMV
• Test California Climate Registry accounting
  protocols

Source Winrock Int
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Southeast Regional Carbon Sequestration
PartnershipSouthern States Energy Board

• Afforestation
• Underproductive farm and grazing lands
• Bio-energy plantations
• Large potential in LMAV
• 16 M acres bottom land hardwoods available
• Existing stand management

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Other Phase I Accomplishments

• Outreach and education mechanisms
• Stakeholders power companies, utilities, NGOs
• Public (stakeholder meetings, Public TV,
  Factsheets)
• Carbon Sequestration Atlases
• GIS based regional systems support to NATCARB
• Decision support tools
• Identify best opportunities
• MMV technologies and protocols being identified
• satisfy DOE/USDA 1605b voluntary guidelines and
  State registries
• Address permitting guidelines

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Phase II Goals

1. Perform regional technology validation tests for
   2012 technology assessment (15-25 field sites)
2. Refine and implement MMV protocols
3. Continue regional characterization
4. Regulatory compliance activities
5. Implement public outreach and education
6. Identify commercially available sequestration
   technologies ready for large scale deployment
7. Regional partnerships program integration

Not a technology development program!
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Conclusion

• Fossil fuels, especially coal, are plentiful and
  important to the United States energy security
• Terrestrial sequestration can play a significant
  role in offsetting carbon emissions
• Regional partnerships needed to speed acceptance
  and adoption by emitters and future markets

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Visit the NETL Sequestration Website
www.netl.doe.gov/coalpower/sequestration/