HAZMAT RESCUE CONSIDERATIONS

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HAZMATRESCUE CONSIDERATIONS
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Welcome
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Introductions

• Paul Deis
• Counter Terrorism and Chemical Training, Inc
• 805-776-2082
• Paul_at_ct2usa.com
• www.ct2usa.com

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Introductions

• Who are you
• Where are you employed
• HazMat experience

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• If at all possible
• Please turn cell phones and pagers to vibrate

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Course Objectives...

• Raise questions about performing rescue on Hazmat
  Incidents
• Discuss potential answers to these questions

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Course Outline

• Review Typical Response Actions for FROs and
  Hazmat
• Laws/Regulations/Standards Review
• Questions/Comments/Open Forum
• Develop Guidelines for Rescue

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Participants?

• FRA or FRO?
• HM Technicians?
• HM ICs?
• HM Rescuers?
• HM Instructors
• Anyone here with (or was with) OSHA?
• Others?...

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DO THE MOST GOOD FOR THE MOST PEOPLE
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Rescue??

• You are Wearing street clothes
• No FD on Scene
• Reported Victim in rear bedroom
• Will You Attempt Rescue??

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Rescue??

• 3 Man Engine Company
• FSPC (Turnouts) SCBA

• Reported Victim Next to 1 Ton Cl2 Cylinder.

Will You Attempt Rescue??
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RISK vs.. GAIN

• Number Of Victims
• Single Victim
• Multi of Mass Causality
• Type of Incident
• Vehicle Accident
• Industrial Accident
• Terrorist Attack

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What do we need to know??

• Is this a Hazmat Incident?
• Are their Victims to Rescue?
• Ease of Rescue?
• What Resources are On Scene?
• What Resources are Ordered, ETA?

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HAZMAT

• ID the Chemical
• chemical concentration
• chemical properties
• chemical
• physical
• routes of exposure
• toxic mode of action

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HazMat Clues

• Type of Occupancy or Vehicle
• Number and Location of Victims
• Smoke or Fumes
• Reports from Bystanders or Victims
• Types of Injuries
• Biological Indicators

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Victims

• Single or Multiple Victims?
• Signs and Symptoms?
• Extrication Needed?

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Victims

• IDLH conditions
• victim confinement
• exposure duration
• Distance and shielding
• Other physical hazards

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Rescue Viability

• Structural integrity

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Rescue Viability

• Confined Space
• capability for self or buddy rescue
• difficult communications

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Rescue Viability

• Potential for secondary devices
• secondary device
• leakage from damaged pipes or containers

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Rescue Viability

• PPE concerns
• Rips or tears
• sharp or jagged debris
• crawling through tight areas
• Chemical compatibility of PPE

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Resources

• FRO Firefighters
• FRA/FRO Law Enforcement
• FRA/FRO EMS
• HAZMAT Technician
• HAZMAT Team
• National Guard
• WMD CST
• CERFP
• OTHERS ????

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Entry Requirements???

• Incident Commander is established
• Safety Officer is established
• Buddy system is utilized
• Back-up teams are required
• An Incident Action Plan is written
• A Site Safety Plan is written
• Pre-entry vitals are taken
• Decontamination is set up...
• Monitoring is required
• Advanced 1st aid and transport
• A pre-entry briefing is done

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All these items can take some time...
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Always Required?

• Incident Commander is established?

• Yes - legally per HAZWOPER
• Safety Officer is established?

• Yes - legally per HAZWOPER
• Can this be one and the same person?

• Yes - legally per HAZWOPER - When?
• Do either of these people need to be Hazmat
  trained?...

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Always Required?

• Buddy system?

• Yes - per HAZWOPER

• Back-up teams?
• What about the exemption for rescue talked about
  earlier in Respiratory Protection?
• Who feels that exemption applies?
• What has OSHA said?

• Yes - Back up teams are required per HAZWOPER...

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Always Required?

• A written IAP?

• Not required - recommended
• A written ERP shall be developed in advance
• A written Site Safety Plan?

• Not required - highly recommended on an emergency
  , required on a clean up site

• Pre-entry vitals?

• No - this is done since the number one injury to
  workers who wear PPE are heat injuries...

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Always Required?

• Decontamination set up before entry?
• Not set up, just addressed before exiting
• Monitoring required?
• Yes? - Hazards must be identified
• Advanced 1st aid and transport?
• Yes - per HAZWOPER
• A pre-entry briefing is conducted?
• No - required on a clean up site, but probably a
  good idea on any site...

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Minimum Response
HOW SAFE???
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PROTECTIVE CLOTHINGSTANDARDS

• SPECIFY MINIMUMS
• DESIGN
• PERFORMANCE
• TESTS
• DOCUMENTATION

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PROTECTIVE CLOTHINGSTANDARDS

• NFPA 1991 VAPOR PROTECTIVE
• NFPA 1992 LIQUID SPLASH
• NFPA 1993 SUPPORT FUNCTION
• NFPA 1994 WMD

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Responder Self-Protection

• Question- What do you need to protect yourself
  from when responding to or operating at a Hazmat
  incident ?

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Answers

• Explosives-secondary devices
• Chemical hazards -Both industrial and chemical
  warfare.
• Biological/ bloodborne/airborne/vectorborne
  diseases.
• Fire/byproducts of combustion.
• Collapse of unstable buildings

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Question- What are the three traditional ways to
protect yourself from the potential harm from
Hazardous Materials?
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Time

• Limit the amount of time you are exposed to the
  hazard.

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Distance

• Distance refers to keeping yourself far enough
  away from the product to prevent exposure.
• How far is far enough?

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Shielding

• Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
• Environment
• Chemical properties
• Concentration
• Time in the Hot Zone

Dupont
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Types of PPE

• Level-A
• Level-B
• Level-C
• Level-D
• Turnout Gear?
• MOPP Gear

Level-C
Level-A
Turn-outs?
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Levels of Protection

• Before you determine the type of equipment to use
  you must determine the risk.
• Once the level of risk has been determined you
  can determine if the level of protection you have
  available will protect you from the risk.

Risk Vs. Benefit
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Question- How many first out engines in your
jurisdiction have Level-A or Level-B protective
garments for each member?What about ambulances
and police officers?
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Structural Fire Fighting Protective Clothing with
SCBA

• Provides excellent Respiratory Protection.
  (Protection factor over 10,000).
• Limited Liquid Protection.
• Limited protection against skin absorption.

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Rescuing Live Viable Patients

• If you wear Standard Turnouts in any chemical
  environment to save LIVE VIABLE PATIENTS,
• You must be Decontaminated and proper Doffing
  procedures must be utilized.

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Turnout Gear Considerations

• What is your outer shell made of ?
• What year was your gear manufactured?
• Does your gear meet the NFPA Standard 1971.
• Does your gear have holes in it?

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Reduce Chemical Concentration

• Fixed ventilation HVAC system
• Natural ventilation
• Positive pressure ventilation (PPV)

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Natural Ventilation VS PPV

• The rate of natural Ventilation is not nearly as
  effective as is PPV or NPV.
• For example , the forced air ventilation rate
  while using a 30-inch gas fan is 43 times faster
  than natural Ventilation

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Remember what you are Ventilating

• You are NOT ventilating smoke.
• You are ventilating a poison.

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Protective actions

• Evacuation vs. Shelter vs. Rescue

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May be additional victims outside the incident
area

• Triage may demonstrate the most good for the most
  people by committing resources to lesser impacted
  areas

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RESCUE OPERATIONS

• Rescue Triage
• Impacted Area Assessment
• evaluate structural stability
• likely locations to find victims
• rescuer safety

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Rescue Triage (cont.)

• Removal of surface victims
• Search and Rescue of Accessible Viable Victims
• Extrication of entrapped Viable Victims

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Entry considerations

• Buddy System
• Backup Teams in same or HIGHER level of CPC

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Entry Considerations (cont.)

• Communications
• Line of Site
• Dedicated radio channel
• Use of Radios should be cleared by Bomb Squad
• Reduce scene noise to help rescuer hear victims

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Entry Considerations (cont.)

• Limited Medical Treatment
• BLS only
• limited C-spine
• ALARA

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Entry Considerations? (cont)

• Weapons
• Armed Officer
• Armed Suspect
• Armed Victim

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First Responders Down

• Determine what went wrong
• dont deliver victims to the scene
• may have to write off fellow responders

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Mitigation

• Rapid Mitigation May
• Reduce the level of CPC required
• Reduce the size of the Incident

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Can we do BETTER?
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Level A and Level B Rescue Teams were used to
rescue and decon 87 patients in two hours
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• first responders in SFPC Directing contaminated
  victims to Emergency Decon

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• making level A entries within 10 minutes on
  Hazmat being on-scene.

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• Level A Rescue Teams made interior rescues and
  brought contaminated patients to the outside of
  the Building
• Level B teams moved patients to mass decon

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How do we do it??

• Have a plan
• Be Creative
• Work up to your limits
• Dont Bring Victims to the Scene
• Use but dont abuse your resources
• Add additional equipment and Training

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How do we do it??

• Realistic Exercises
• Find Actual Venues
• Planning
• Real Time
• Simulations
• Invite other responders

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How do we do it??

• Realistic Exercises
• Role Players
• Mannequins
• Rescue Randy
• Latex
• Inflatable

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How do we do it??

• Realistic Training
• Based on results from exercises
• Grant Money Available

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QUESTIONS OR COMMENTS