Anatomy Review

1
Anatomy Review

• Cat Muscles
• Written by Eduardo Alvarez Roberto Martinez
• Students of Professor Gonsalves LACC Anatomy 1
  Class

2
MUSCLES OF MASTICATION
3
Masseter

• Origin
• Zygomatic Bone
• Insertion
• Mandible
• Action
• Elevates Mandible

4
Temporalis

• Origin
• Temporal Bone
• Insertion
• Mandible
• Action
• Elevates and Retracts Mandible

5
Digastric

• Origin
• Occipital Bone and Mastoid Process
• Insertion
• Mandible
• Action
• Depresses Lower Jaw

6
Mylohyoid

• Origin
• Mandible
• Insertion
• Hyoid Bone
• Action
• Raises Floor of Mouth and Pulls Hyoid Forward

7
NECK MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE HEAD
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Sternomastoid (only in cats)

• Origin
• Sternum
• Insertion
• Mastoid Process
• Action
• Turns and Depresses Head

9
Cleido-mastoid

• Origin
• Clavicle
• Insertion
• Mastoid Process
• Action
• Pulls Head Laterally and Pulls Clavicle Craniad

10
MUSCLES OF HYOID, LAYRNX, TONGUE
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Sternohyoid

• Origin
• First Rib (Intercostal)
• Insertion
• Hyoid Bone
• Action
• Pulls Hyoid Caudally, Raises Ribs and Sternum

12
Sternothyroid

• Origin
• First Rib (Intercostal)
• Insertion
• Larynx
• Action
• Pulls Larynx Caudal (down)

13
Thyrohyoid

• Origin
• Thyroid Cartilage of Larynx
• Insertion
• Hyoid Bone
• Action
• Raises Larynx

14
Geniohyoid(deep to Mylohyoid)

• Origin
• Mandible
• Insertion
• Hyoid Bone
• Action
• Pulls Hyoid Craniad (up)

15
MUSCLES THAT ATTACH PECTORAL APPENDAGES TO THE
VERTEBRAL COLUMN
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Trapezius

• Origin
• Occipital Bone and Cervical and Thoracic
  Vertebrae
• Insertion
• Scapula and clavicle
• Action
• Raises Clavicle, Adducts, Elevates and Depresses
  Scapula

17
Latissimus Dorsi

• Origin
• Thoracic and Lumbar Vertebrae
• Insertion
• Humerus
• Action
• Pulls Arm Dorsad (back) and Caudad (down)

18
RhomboideusCapitis

• Origin
• Lamboidal Ridge
• Insertion
• Scapula
• Action
• Pulls Scapula Craniad (up)

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RhomboideusMinor
capitis

• Origin
• Thoracic Vertebrae
• Insertion
• Scapula
• Action
• Pulls scapula dorsally and medially

20
RhomboideusMajor
capitis

• Origin
• Thoracic Vertebrae
• Insertion
• Scapula
• Action
• Pulls Scapula Dorsally (toward back) and Medially
  (towards midline)

21
LevatorScapulaeVentralis

• Origin
• Occipital Bone and Atlas (C1)
• Insertion
• Scapula
• Action
• Pulls Scapula Craniad (toward head)

22
MUSCLES THAT ATTACH PECTORAL APPENDAGES TO
VENTRAL AND BODY WALL
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Pectoante-brachialis(cat only)

• Origin
• Sternum
• Insertion
• Forearm (proximal end)
• Action
• Adducts Arm

24
Pectoralis Major

• Origin
• Sternum
• Insertion
• Humerus
• Action
• Adducts Arm

25
Pectoralis Minor

• Origin
• Sternum
• Insertion
• Humerus
• Action
• Adducts Arm

26
Xiphi-humeralis(cat only)

• Origin
• Xiphoid Process
• Insertion
• Humerus
• Action
• Adducts Arm

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SerratusVentralis

• Origin
• First 10 Ribs
• Insertion
• Scapula
• Action
• Pulls Scapula Forward Depresses Scapula

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MUSCLES OF THE SHOULDER
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(Deltoid)Clavodeltoid

• Origin
• Clavicle and Clavotrapezius muscle
• Insertion
• Humerus
• Action
• Flexes Forearm

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(Deltoid)Acromio-deltoid

• Origin
• Scapula
• Insertion
• Humerus
• Action
• Flexes Humerus and Rotates it Outward

31
(Deltoid)Spinodeltoid

• Origin
• Scapula
• Insertion
• Humerus
• Action
• Flexes Humerus and Rotates it Outward

32
Supraspinatus

• Origin
• Scapula
• Insertion
• Humerus
• Action
• Extends Humerus

33
Infra-spinatus
Rhomboideus major
Teres major

• Origin
• Scapula
• Insertion
• Humerus
• Action
• Rotates Humerus Outward

34
Teres Major
Rhomboideus major

• Origin
• Scapula
• Insertion
• Humerus
• Action
• Flexes forearm and Rotates it inward

35
Sub-Scapularis

• Origin
• Scapula
• Insertion
• Humerus
• Action
• Pulls Humerus Medially

36
MUSCLES OF UPPER ARM
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Triceps Brachii
Lateral head
Medial head
Long head

• Origin
• Long Head Scapula Lateral Head and Medial Head
  Humerus
• Insertion
• Ulna
• Action
• Extends Forearm

38
Biceps Brachii

• Origin
• Scapula
• Insertion
• Radius
• Action
• Flexes and Supinates Forearm

39
Brachialis

• Origin
• Humerus
• Insertion
• Ulna
• Action
• Flexes Forearm

40
MUSCLES OF THE TRUNK

• Thoracic Region

41
External Intercostals
Internal Intercostals

• Origin
• Cranial border of one rib
• Insertion
• Caudal border of rib above
• Action
• Draw Adjacent Ribs Together and Lower Rib

• Origin
• Caudal border of one rib
• Insertion
• Crainal border of rib caudad
• Action
• Raises Rib (Inhalation)

42
Extenal Abdominal Oblique

• Origin
• Last nine Ribs
• Insertion
• Linea Alba from Sternum to Pubis
• Action
• Compresses Abdomen

43
Transversus Abdominis

• Origin
• Costal cartilage of False Ribs, Lumbar Vertabrae,
  and Ilium
• Insertion
• Linea Alba
• Action
• Compresses the Abdomen

44
Extensor dorsi communis

• Muscle Groups
• Spinalis
• Longissimus
• Iliocostalis
• Action
• Extends Vertebral Column

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MUSCLES OF THE HIP REGION
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Tensor fascia latae

• Origin
• Ilium
• Insertion
• Patella and Tibia
• Action
• Extends Thigh, Aids in Abduction and Rotation

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Caudo-femoralis

• Origin
• 2 and 3 Caudal Vertebrae
• Insertion
• Patella
• Action
• Abducts Thigh and Extends Shank

48
Gluteus Maximus

• Origin
• Sacral and Caudal Vertebrae
• Insertion
• Femur
• Action
• Abducts Thigh

49
Gluteus Medius

• Origin
• Sacral and Caudal Vertebrae Ilium
• Insertion
• Femur
• Action
• Abducts Thigh

50
MUSCLES OF THE THIGH

• Dorsal Femoral Group
• (Flexors)

51
Biceps Femoris

• Origin
• Ishium
• Insertion
• Patella Tibia
• Action
• Adducts Thigh, Flexes Shank

52
Semi-membranosus

• Origin
• Ischium
• Insertion
• Femur
• Action
• Extends Thigh

53
Semi-tendinosus

• Origin
• Ischium
• Insertion
• Tibia
• Action
• Flexes Shank

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MUSCLES OF THE THIGH

• Ventral Femoral Group
• (Extensors)

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Sartorius

• Origin
• Ilium
• Insertion
• Patella
• Action
• Adducts and Rotates Femur, Extends Tibia

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Quadriceps Rectus femoris

• Origin
• Ilium
• Insertion
• Patella
• Action
• Extends Lower Leg

57
Quadriceps Vastus Lateralis

• Origin
• Femur
• Insertion
• Patella
• Action
• Extends Lower Leg

58
Quadriceps Vastus Medialis

• Origin
• Femur
• Insertion
• Patella
• Action
• Extends Lower Leg

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MUSCLES OF THE THIGH

• Medial Femoral Group

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Gracilis

• Origin
• Ischium and Pubis
• Insertion
• Tibia
• Action
• Adducts Thigh and Pulls Caudad

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Adductor Longus

• Origin
• Pubis
• Insertion
• Femur
• Action
• Adducts Thigh

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Adductor Femoris

• Origin
• Pubis Ischium
• Insertion
• Femur
• Action
• Extends Thigh

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MUSCLES OF THE LOWER LEG
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Gastrocnemius

• Origin
• Femur
• Insertion
• Calcaneus
• Action
• Extends Foot

65
Soleus

• Origin
• Fibula
• Insertion
• Metatarsals
• Action
• Extends Foot

66
Tibialis Anterior

• Origin
• Tibia and Fibula
• Insertion
• First Metatarsals
• Action
• Flexes Foot