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Perceptions vs. Reality Kentucky Ice
Storm January 2009
Brocton Oglesby, director of emergency management
in Hopkins County, said he has seen virtually no
contribution from FEMA in the county, where more
than half of the 27,000 homes remained without
electricity.
"They need to be here at least a presence, a
liaison to work with us, to start feeding
information and gearing up for the next stage,"
Oglesby said. "That's where they're going to be
needed the most. "homes remained without
electricity. Oglesby said he would like FEMA to
bring in outside electricians to help go door to
door to make sure the electricity is operational
in each house once it comes back on. "Right now,
mom and pop are going to have to fend for
themselves and find an electrician," Oglesby
said. "This is where we're needing FEMA's
presence."
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Review Process for a Disaster Event
Incident
PDA Request
Governors Request
Regional Analysis
FEMA HQ Program Review
FEMA Recommendation to the President
Presidential Decision
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Major Disaster
Any natural catastrophe . . . or, regardless of
cause, any fire, flood, or explosion in any part
of the United States which in the determination
of the President causes damage of sufficient
severity and magnitude to warrant major disaster
assistance to supplement the efforts and
available resources of States, local governments,
and disaster relief organizations in alleviating
the damage, loss, hardship, or suffering caused
thereby.

Reference 44 CFR 206.2(a)(17)
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Characteristics
A Major Disaster . . .

• Is beyond State and local capabilities.
• Supplements available resources of State/local
  governments, disaster relief organizations, and
  insurance.
• Must be requested within 30 days of the incident.

Reference 44 CFR 206.36
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Emergency
Any occasion or instance for which, in the
determination of the President, Federal
assistance is needed to supplement State and
local efforts and capabilities to save lives and
to protect property and public health and safety,
or to lessen or avert the threat of a catastrophe
in any part of the United States.
Reference 44 CFR 206.2(a)(9)
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Characteristics
An Emergency . . .

• Is beyond State and local abilities.
• Supplementary emergency assistance.
• Not to exceed 5 million.
• Must submit request within 5 days.

Reference 44 CFR 206.35
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FEMA Assistance

• Individual Assistance Program
• Grants for Home Owners (Repair/Replace)
• Temporary Housing expenses
• Other Needs Assistance
• Crisis Counseling
• Disaster Unemployment Assistance
• Maximum Federal assistance for
• FY2009 30,300.00

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FEMA Assistance Cont.

• Public Assistance Program
• Grants to State/Local governments, non profits
• and Tribal lands
• Includes temporary and permanent work
• Cost share 75 Federal 25 State
• Cost share can be adjusted depending on
• magnitude of the event

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FEMA Assistance Cont.

• Hazard Mitigation Program
• Designed to prevent repetitive loss
• Purchases homes in flood zone
• Grants to retrofit homes
• National Flood Insurance Program

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Review Process for a Disaster Event
Incident
PDA Request
Governors Request
Regional Analysis
FEMA HQ Program Review
FEMA Recommendation to the President
Presidential Decision
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Preliminary Damage Assessment (PDA)
The purpose of a PDA is to

• Identify scope and degree of damage

• Identify staff and funding needs

• Identify special needs
• (target area for Community Relations or a
  Disaster Recovery Center)

Response, Recovery, Rebuilding
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Preliminary Damage Assessment (PDA)
How To Perform A PDA...
There are three types of PDA
By Automobile (Drive By)

• Good for covering a large area

On Foot (Walk By)

• Good for obtaining detailed information

By Air (Fly By)

• Good for covering a very large area quickly

Response, Recovery, Rebuilding
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Preliminary Damage Assessment (PDA)
The Individual Assistance Teams
IA Teams usually consist of

• Local Personnel

• State Personnel

• FEMA Personnel

• SBA Personnel

Response, Recovery, Rebuilding
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Preliminary Damage Assessment (PDA)
Local Personnel
The Local Role

• Identify damaged areas

• Provide personnel familiar with the damaged
• area (EMA staff, tax assessors or building
  officials)

• Brief PDA teams

• Provide local maps

Response, Recovery, Rebuilding
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Preliminary Damage Assessment (PDA)
Local Personnel
The Local Role

• Provide information on ARC activity
• (shelters, injuries, etc.)

• Provide contact list of insurance agents

• Provide contact list of realtors/property
  managers

• Provide contact list of hotels/motels

Response, Recovery, Rebuilding
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Preliminary Damage Assessment (PDA)
Hard-Count Components
Hard-Count
Hard-Count Components

• Occupancy types

• Dwelling types

• Degree of damage

• Insurance

• Income

• Probable assistance

Response, Recovery, Rebuilding
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Preliminary Damage Assessment (PDA)
IA Data Collection
Individual Assistance Data Collection
Individual Assistance Data Collection

• Utility outages

• Availability of resources

• Ownership/occupancy status

Response, Recovery, Rebuilding
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Preliminary Damage Assessment (PDA)
The IA PDA Team
Individual Assistance Focus

• Human needs

• Loss of housing

• Loss of personal property

• Loss of employment

Response, Recovery, Rebuilding
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Public Assistance
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Local Personnel Responsibilities

• Identify damaged areas complete assessment
  forms (must include impact statements)
• Notify State about any significant impacts to
  critical facilities
• Ensure preparation of fair estimated costs for
  the repair of damaged sites and provide
  justification for the estimated costs
• Prepare to view all major damaged sites
• Ensure that estimated Insurance proceeds are
  deducted from the estimated costs
• Ensure reduction of costs associated any with any
  FHWA roads

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State Responsibilities

• Collect Assessment forms from affected counties
  (with contact information)
• Collect impact statements from each
  jurisdiction/county
• Request FEMA PDA
• Include in request the identification of all
  affected counties and the assessment forms to
  support the request
• Coordinate PDA schedule with FEMA local EMA
  offices
• Indentify State PDA Team members
• Host organizational meeting
• Provide maps of affected area

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REGIONAL DISASTER SUMMARY FOR MAJOR DISASTER
REQUESTS

•               IMPACT ON PUBLIC FACILITIES  A. I
  mpact of Damage by Category Category A -
  Debris Category B - Emergency Protective
  Measures
• Category C - Roads and Bridges Category D -
  Water Control Facilities Category E - Buildings
  and Equipment Category F - Utilities Category
  G Parks, Recreation, and Other
  Facilities  B. Damage to Critical
  Facilities  C. Damage to Facilities under Other
  Federal Agency Authorities

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Review Process for a Disaster Event
Incident
PDA Request
Governors Request
Regional Analysis
FEMA HQ Program Review
FEMA Recommendation to the President
Presidential Decision
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Governors Request

• Certification that the severity and magnitude of
  the disaster exceed State and local capabilities.
• Certification that Federal assistance is
  necessary to supplement the efforts and available
  resources of the State and local governments,
  disaster relief organizations, and compensation
  by insurance for disaster-related losses.
• Confirmation of State emergency plan execution.
• An estimate of the amount and severity of damages
  and losses stating the impact of the disaster on
  the public and private sector.

Reference 44 CFR 206.35/206.36
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Governors Request (continued)

• Information describing the nature and amount of
  State and local resources that have been or will
  be committed to alleviate the results of the
  disaster.
• Preliminary estimates of the types and amount of
  supplementary Federal disaster assistance needed
  under the Stafford Act.
• Certification by the Governor that State and
  local government obligations and expenditures for
  the current disaster will comply with all
  applicable cost-sharing requirements of the
  Stafford Act.

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Review Process for a Disaster Event
Incident
PDA Request
Governors Request
Regional Analysis
FEMA HQ Program Review
FEMA Recommendation to the President
Presidential Decision
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Evaluation Factors Individual Assistance

• Number of homes destroyed or with major damage.
• Number of homes with minor damage.
• Concentration or dispersion of damage.
• Impact to the State and local governments.

Reference 44 CFR 206.48(b)
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IA Evaluation Factors (continued)

• Demographic considerations.
• Amount of insurance coverage.
• Assistance from other sources.
• Available housing resources.

Reference 44 CFR 206.48(b)
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Evaluation Factors Public Assistance

• Level of insurance coverage in place.
• Estimated cost of the FEMA-eligible damage on a
  statewide and county per capita basis.
• Health and safety impacts of the event.
• Other Federal agency assistance available.
• Critical facilities impacts that disrupt
  essential public services.
• State and local capability.

Reference 44 CFR 206.48(a)
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Evaluation Factors Hazard Mitigation

• Consideration and efforts by State and local
  governments to minimize or eliminate damage from
  hazards on a long-term basis.
• Supports the request for Federal assistance
• Identifying hazardous areas.
• Adopting appropriate building codes.

Reference 44 CFR 206.403/ 206.48(a)(4)
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Other Evaluation Factors

• Recent multiple disasters within the last 12
  months
• Declarations under the Stafford Act.
• Declarations by the Governor, including the
  extent to which the State has spent its own
  funds.

Reference 44 CFR 206.48(a)(5)
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FEMA Recommendations

• Regional Actions
• Analyze PDA results.
• Determine Regional recommendations.
• Prepare Analysis Memo.
• National Office Actions
• Review Regional submission.
• Determine program office recommendation.
• Develop recommendation to the President.

Reference 44 CFR 206.37
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Analysis and Recommendation

• Subjective analysis.
• Resources available.
• Assistance needed.
• What to provide.
• Confidential, privileged information.

Reference 44 CFR 206.37(c)
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Incident Period

• Time span during which the disaster-causing
  incident occurs.
• Specified at the time of declaration.
• May be open-ended.
• May be closed and then reopened.
• Determined by information provided by the
  National Weather Service, State, and Region.

Reference 44 CFR 206.32(f)
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Other Considerations

• Imminent threat to lives and property, or to
  health and safety.
• Types and magnitude of damage.
• Impact on the community by damage or threat.

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Direct Federal Assistance

• Cost Share
• 75 Federal/25 State
• In a catastrophic event, may be 90 Federal
  funding during the initial days of the disaster.

Reference 44 CFR 206.208
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Cost-Sharing

• Public Assistance cost-share may be adjusted in a
  catastrophic situation.
• Commitment must be in the Governors initial
  request.
• Non-Federal share may be borrowed.
• Request for a loan or adjustment may be included
  in the Governors initial request.

Reference 44 CFR 206.47/206.45
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Review Process for a Disaster Event
Incident
PDA Request
Governors Request
Regional Analysis
FEMA HQ Program Review
FEMA Recommendation to the President
Presidential Decision
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Presidential Decision

• Governors request for major disaster may result
  in
• a major disaster declaration.
• an emergency declaration.
• Governors request for emergency declaration may
  result in an emergency declaration only.

Reference 44 CFR 206.38
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Denial of the Initial Request

• Full Denial of the initial request
• Notification letter to the Governor from the FEMA
  Administrator.
• Partial denial of the initial request
• Notification letter to the Governor from the
  Disaster Assistance Directorate Assistant
  Administrator.

Reference 44 CFR 206.39(b)
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Appeal of the Governors Initial Request

• Process . . .
• Have only one appeal.
• Submitted within 30 days from the date of denial
  letter.
• Submitted by the Governor to the President
  through the Regional Administrator.
• Contains additional information supporting the
  appeal.

Reference 44 CFR 206.46
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Add-Ons/Amendments

• Types of add-ons or amendments
• Counties.
• Programs.
• Incident period/type.
• Cost-share adjustment
• Necessary actions
• Amendment to the Federal Register.
• Amendment to the FSA.

Reference 44 CFR 206.44(c)
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Add-On Considerations

• Factors to consider for add-ons include
• Overall impact that damage had on population.
• Amount of estimated damage.
• Whether jurisdiction is surrounded by designated
  jurisdictions.
• Damage to critical facilities.
• PDAs required for add-ons.
• Request submitted within 30-days of declaration
  or ending date of incident period.

Reference 44 CFR 206.40(c)
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Appeal of Add-On Requests

• Process . . .
• Have only one appeal.
• Submitted within 30 days from the date of denial
  letter.
• Submitted by the GAR to Assistant Administrator,
  Disaster Assistance Directorate.
• Contains additional information supporting the
  appeal.

Reference 44 CFR 206.44(b)
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Appeal of Add-on Requests (continued)

• First denial
• From the FCO.
• Second denial (appeal)
• From the Assistant Administrator, Disaster
  Assistance Directorate.

Reference 44 CFR 206.46(b)
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