Module 1: Historical Development

1
Module 1 Historical Development

• The Internet a global network of computers
  originated from the early work of J.C. Licklider
  at MIT, Don Davis and Roger Scantleberg at
  British National Laboratory, and Paul Baran at
  RAND corporation.
• The concept was first tested in 1965
• The U.S. Department of Defense Advanced Research
  Projects Agency (ARPA) underwrote the first
  operational network, the ARPANET.

2
Historical Development

• By 1984 the National Science Foundation (NSF)
  joined ARPA to set up NSFNET.
• By 1989, NSF had taken over funding the Internet

3
Organization of the Internet

• Topology- is a mega network of networks with open
  architecture that
• Allows distinct networks to stand alone
• Supports communication between and within
  networks on a best-effort basis.
• Uses black boxes to connect to the network
• Has no local control at any operational level.
• Two network types
• Local Areas Network (LAN)
• Wide Area Network (WAN)

4
Organization of the Internet

• LANs and WANs use packet switching transmission.
  They also
• Communicate between nodes using packets
  consisting of long streams of bytes octets.
• use sliding window feature in traffic control
  and acknowledgement
• Synchronize communication protocols between
  source and destination nodes

5
Organization of the Internet

• Management of the Internet has been changing over
  time from
• ARPA
• NSF
• Independent bodies (Internet Society, InterNIC,
  etc..)
• ICANN

6
Internet Protocol

• The Internet Protocol Stack has five layers
• Application
• Transport
• Network
• Data Link
• Physical
• There are two types of communication protocols
  used by the Internet
• TCP/IP
• UDP

7
Internet Protocol

• Connecting to the Internet can be done through
• Direct connection
• Dial up
• DSL/Cable

8
Internet Tools and Resources

• Communication
• Email/Instant Messaging (IM)
• File Transfers
• FTP
• Remote Access
• Telnet/Rlogin
• WWW
• Search Engines/gopher
• Discussion Groups