Bio Terrorism Prevention

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I N T E R P O L

• Bio Terrorism Prevention
• through
• International Co-operation

Adrian BACIU Coordinator Bio Terrorism Unit
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NON-STATE ACTOR
Non-state actor individual or entity, not
acting under the lawful authority of any State
in conducting activities which come within the
scope of 1540 UNSCR.
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BIOLOGICAL hystorical WARFARE
It is said that Hercules dipped his arrow in the
monster Hydras venom after having slayed him
creating probably the first biological warfare
delivery system. It is not surprising that the
Greek word for poison is toxic and is taken from
the Greek word for arrow-toxon-so it can be
safely inferred that biology was associated with
warfare.
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• Is the threat from bio-terrorism real?

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OSAMA Bin LADEN Statement
If I have indeed acquired these weapons(CBW),
then I thank God for enabling me to do so. And
if I seek to acquire these weapons I am carrying
out a duty. It would be a sin for Muslims not to
try to possess the weapons that would prevent
the infidels from inflicting harm on Muslims.
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Why no Bio Weapons yet used ?

• Technical reasons
• -technical expertise, scientists, knowledge
• -less eficiency-crude weapons
• -acces to virulent strains and protective
  equipment
• -large scale production equipment
• -acuiring/testing delivery means
• -long, sustained co-ordinated efforts and risks
• -less resistant to law enforcement infiltration

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Why no Bio Weapons yet used ?

• Psychological reasons
• -explosives/sabotage more available-BW more
  innovative
• -BW development higher detection probability
• -guilty feelings-see AUM attack with botulinum
• -logic simplest, less costly, more reliable,
  quick use,
• desired effect for classic means compared with
  BW
• -use certified methods
• -less control means after release
• -No blood-No blast..No fun

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CHARACTERISTICS OF BIO TERRORISTS historical
up-to-date approach

• Charismatic leadership
• Innovation in weapons and tactics, willingness
  to take risks
• Escalatory pattern of violence
• Small groups of militants
• Isolation, no outside constituency
• Apocalyptic ideology
• Defensive aggression
• Paranoia and grandiosity

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UNSCR 1540
3. Decides also that all States shall ..
(c) Develop and maintain appropriate effective
border controls and law enforcement efforts to
detect, deter, prevent and combat, including
through international cooperation when necessary,
the illicit trafficking and brokering in such
items in accordance with their national legal
authorities and legislation and consistent with
international law.
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Interpol - Core functions

• Secure global communications services
• I 24/7.
• Operational data services
• Databases, forensic, analysis, fugitive arrest.
• Operational support services
• CCC, IRT, DVI, CMSG, regional support, priority
  crime areas.

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Interpols role

• Point of reference for international enquiries
• Facilitator of police communication
• Source of criminal information
• International police liaison service
• Assistance with policy for international police
  co-operation

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Law Enforcement programme areas

• Public Safety Terrorism
• Trafficking in Human Beings Child
  Pornography over the Internet
• Drugs Criminal Organisations
• Financial High Tech Crime
• Fugitive Investigative Support

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Databases

• Individuals (nominal)
• Fingerprints
• Photographs
• Identification documents
• DNA Gateway
• Notices

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Operational Structuresat General Secretariat

• Command and Coordination Center
• Focal point, communications hub, permanent
  monitoring center
• Incident Response Team Field deployment,
  situation assessment, local liaison and
  technical support
• Crisis Management Support Group Expanded and
  extended capacity, support and co-ordination role

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(No Transcript)
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Orange Notices
Examples

• Pen gun
• Instantaneous thermal fuse
• 8mm cal. disguised weapon
• Letter bombs
• Missile parts
• Firearm briefcases
• Bomb parts

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Interpol Bio-terrorism Prevention Programme

• This bioterrorism programme will
• raise awareness of the threat
• develop police training programmes
• strengthen efforts to enforce existing
  legislation
• promote the development of new legislation
• encourage inter-agency co-operation on
  bioterrorism

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Bio-terrorism Global Conference Lyon 1/2 March
2005Communique

• Calls on Interpol to
• co-ordinate, develop and enhance
  knowledge, training and capability
• of law enforcement
• to recognise, prevent, contain
• and investigate bio-terrorism threats.

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IBTU Strategy
GLOBAL APPROACH -1st Interpol BioTerrorism
Prevention Global Conference
REGIONAL APPROACH 3 Workshops South-Africa Chile S
ingapore
KEY FACTOR Law Enforcement-Health-Scientists COOP
ERATION
NATIONAL APPROACH Train-the-trainer
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Preventing Bioterrorism Workshop for African
Countries 21-23 November 2005

• The three-day meeting in Cape Town brought
  together more than 90 representatives from 41
  countries, including police chiefs or their
  representatives, and health, scientific and
  academic experts.
• Delegates acknowledged the importance of
  enhancing partnerships and co-ordination between
  police and other agencies locally, nationally and
  internationally, in particular to
• secure information from the widest range of
  sources to enable regular threat and risk
  assessments to be made
• ensure preparedness in terms of establishing
  appropriate national legislation, inter-agency
  protocols, joint working procedures, early
  warning systems, equipment and regular training
  
• enable the implementation of the necessary
  measures to prevent, respond to and investigate
  bioterrorism.

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Next step
Preventing Bioterrorism Workshop for Asian
Countries 27-29 March 2006 SINGAPORE
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The biological threat- BWPP Point of view

• Types of scenarios
• War scenarios
• Terrorism
• Criminal acts
• Types of targets and goals
• Against humans
• Against animals and plants
• Economic and societal disruption
• Each actor will consider different biological
  agents, with different degrees of pathogenicity
• Depends on intent
• Depends on availability of agents
• Depends on technical skills and structure of the
  organization

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• Our world must take bio-security much more
  seriously. it would be comparatively easy for
  terrorists to cause mass death by using agents
  such as anthrax or weaponised smallpox. Lets
  not wait until something has gone terribly wrong
  to act collectively to meet this threat
• Kofi Annan
• UN Secretary General (13 Feb 2005)

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Conclusions

• No one country can effectively fight alone
  Terrorism
• Requires international co-operation
• Currently many organizations trying to do the
  same thing either regionally or internationally.
• Information/Data Sharing is required
• Databases (FP,DNA,Travel Documents,nominals)
• Intelligence/information sharing (case info
  analysis)
• Creates need for standards
• Creates need for international telecommunications
• Requires legislative assistance in many cases

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• THANK YOU !

Adrian BACIU Coordinator INTERPOL Bio Terrorism
Unit E-mail webbioterrorism_at_interpol.int E-mail
a.baciu_at_interpol.int Tel [phone]
33-472-44-5759 Fax[phone]
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References UNSCR 1540 BTWC 1972 UNODC -
Terrorism and Conventional Weapons.htm UNODC -
Terrorism Definitions.htm Biological Weapons,
Dr. Sharad S. Chauhan, 2004 Assesing Terrorist
Use of Chemical and Biological Weapons, Jonathan
B. Tucker Assesing the Threat of Bioterrorism,
Raymond Zilinskas, Congressional Testimony US
House ofRepresentatives, Oct. 20, 1999 Defence
Against Toxic Weapons, David R. Franz, USMRIID
Fort Detrick, Maryland Why Biological Weapons
Present the Greatest Danger ?, Graham S.
Pearson, Dept. of Peace Studies, University of
Bradford In a Mysterious Germ Case, 2 Worlds
Collide, Todd S. Purdum, New York Times, Feb.
21, 1998