1995 GEF Operational Strategy International Waters

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1995 GEF Operational Strategy-
International Waters

• International Waters includes the oceans, coasts,
  Large Marine Ecosystems and connected river
  basins transboundary river, lake, groundwater
  basin systems
• 2 Long-term Goals for the IW focal area
• -Collective, multi-state management of
  transboundary water systems
• -Implementation of the full range of
  technical, economic, financial, regulatory, and
  institutional reforms and investments
  contributing to sustainable use of those
  transboundary waters

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Concerns of International Waters People,
Ecosystems, and Development

• Pollution Water unusable, disease burden
• Wasteful Water Use, Droughts Conflicts
• Groundwater quality quantity
• Overfishing/Depleted Oceans Livelihoods 80
  billion in trade in jeopardy
• Habitat loss invasive species
• MDGs will not be met because of water
  mismanagement/conflicts/global pressures
• Peace, stability, security at risk

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GEF Operational Strategy For IW

• Foundational Capacity Building Support for
  Initial Strategic Capacity Building For
  Multi-country Basin-specific or Marine
  Ecosystem-specific Collaboration national
  inter-ministry committees stakeholder
  participation Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis
  (TDA), agreement on a Strategic Action Program
  (SAP)shared visioning processes and
  reforms/investments
• Implementation of Stress Reduction Measures
  based on an agreed SAP, GEF may support a SAP
  Implementation Project, including national
  reforms, demonstration investments for
  transboundary priorities, regional
  institution-building
• Portfolio Experience Sharing/Learning
• GEF IWLEARN and thematic experience sharing
  IW projects-see GEF IW learning center at
  www.iwlearn.net

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GEF Nile Basin Transboundary Environmental Action
Project
The Nile Basin Initiative 10 nations and many
development partners promote transboundary peace,
security, stability, toward sustainable
development and MDGs.
World Bank - UNDP
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The Guarani Aquifer Project
Without preventative measures, uncontrolled
pollution in its extraction and recharge areas
could threaten the Guarani aquifer, which
contains sufficient water to supply 360 million
people on a sustainable basis.
A GEF Project
A GEF Project
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Lake Manzala Engineered Wetland
A GEF/UNDP project in Egypt
Lake Manzala, like many coastal wetlands of the
Mediterranean, is threatened by high nutrients
and toxic discharges. By constructing an
engineered wetland capable of treating
25,000m3/day of raw sewage, the project is
demonstrating the effectiveness of low cost
natural ways to reduce pollution loading.
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Benguela Current LME
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Benguela Current LME

• Angola, Namibia, South Africa
• First IW Project TDA, SAP, National
  Inter-ministry committees, commitments for
  regional legal framework and national reforms
• --addressing overfishing, habitat loss,
  mining, pollution, biodiversity, community
  incomes in an integrated manner
• Second GEF IW project to implement the SAP
  formalize the ecosystem-based Commission by
  negotiating regional legal framework
  operationalizing adaptive management institutions

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Legal Treaty/Adaptive Management Institution
Critical for Ecosystem-based Approach to LMEs
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GEF International Waters Ecosystem-Based Approach
to Management of LMEs at Multiple Scales

• Large Marine Ecosystem Scale ( South China
• Sea LME-UNEP)
• Coastal Municipality/Provincial ICM scale
• (Da Nang, Vietnam - UNDP PEMSEA)
• River Basin Linkage Scale (GPA Mekong River
  
• Basin/delta - World Bank)
• Local Community-based Demo Sites
• (Phu Quoc Fish Refugia Vietnam- UNEP)

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ICM/Coastal Strategies at Different Scale than LME
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Monitoring Evaluation Indicators for Tracking
Success of Transboundary Water Projects

• Process indicators Adoption of agreed
  processes reforms regionally and nationally for
  particular sector
• Stress Reduction indicators Implementation of
  on-the-ground measures leading to reduced stress
• Environmental/Water Resources Status indicators
  Actual improvement in water resources/water
  environment/socio-economic conditions
• -see GEF M E Paper 10 M E Indicators for
  GEF IW Projects

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GEF International Waters Portfolio of Approved
Projects (FY 92-09)183 Council-approved
projects 149 recipient countries 23
industrialized countries1.1 Bil GEF grants
4.2 billion co-financingIncluding 17
multi-focal IW projects through Jan 2009
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Co-financing
GEF Grants
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Strategic Programs For GEF IW Focal Area for GEF 4

• SP-1 Restoring and sustaining coastal and marine
  fish stocks and associated biological diversity
• SP-2 Reducing nutrient over-enrichment and
  oxygen depletion from land-based pollution of
  coastal waters in LMEs consistent with the GPA
• SP-3 Balancing overuse and conflicting uses of
  water resources in surface and groundwater basins
  that are transboundary in nature
• SP-4 Reducing Persistent Toxic Substances and
  testing adaptive management of waters with
  melting ice

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Council Approved Projects FY 07-09

• 62 IW Projects Approved for 270 mil out of 335
  available.
• Funding Exhausted except for 1 Programmatic
  Approach for June Mediterranean Environmentally
  Sustainable Development Program completion of
  GEF IW Med Investment Fund (World Bank)from 2006

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Impact of Sea level rise the Nile Delta
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Mountain Water Systems Melting Creates Downstream
Water Conflicts
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Likely Future Directions

• Continue priorities for balancing competing water
  uses in transboundary basins with IWRM
• Continue priorities for pollution reduction and
  sustainable marine fisheries in LMEs and ICM at
  coasts
• But add climatic variability so multiple drivers
  can together be addressed for specific water
  systems
• Add groundwater to surface basin projects and
  surface to groundwater projects for true IWRM,
  drought management

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The Danube - Black Sea Basin Strategic
Partnership for Nutrient Pollution Reduction
support to the GPA (100 m GEF)

• UNDP UNEP, World Bank EU
• 16 basin countries
• 3 Regional projects
• 70 million Investment Fund (WB) approved by GEF
  Council in 3 tranches-330 m co-fin.
• PROGRAM, not just PROJECTS with multiple PARTNERS

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GEF Cross-Focal Area Model PROGRAM MARINE CORAL
TRIANGLE INITIATIVE 63 Mil GEF 426 Mil
co-financing
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Strategic Program 1

• Restoring and sustaining coastal and marine fish
  stocks and associated biological diversity

• Approved Projects
• EAS Regional PEMSEA (UNDP) IW 11.58 Mio ,
  split between SP1 2)
• Mediterranean LME SAP Implem. (UNIDO/UNEP/FAO/WWF)
  (IW 9.991 split between SP1 2
• Partic. Plan. implem in the Mngt of Shantou
  wetland (UNEP)
• Mngt of sea grasses in Trikora Beach (UNEP)
• Globallast Partnerships Implementation (UNDP)
• Gulf of Fonseca Wetlands Rehab. (IADB)
• African Fisheries partnership for Sustainable
  Fisheries in SS Africa LMEs (WB/FAO/AU)
• Gulf of Mexico LME - TDA/SAP (UNIDO)
• Protection of the CC LME (FAO/UNEP)
• Sust. Mngt. of the Shared Marine Res. of the
  Caribbean LME (UNDP/UNESCO-IOC)
• Implementation of the SAP for BCLME (UNDP)
• Coral Triangle Initiative - Coastal Marine
  Learning/IWC5 (UNDP)
• Coral Triangle Initiative Timor Arafura Seas
  (UNDP)
• Coral Triangle Initiative Sulu-Celebes LME (UNDP)
• Africa Sustainable Fisheries Investment Fund
  (WB)
• CTI Coastal Marine Management - SE Asia (ADB)
• CTI Coastal/Marine/Ridge to Reef Pacific (ADB)
• Caspian Sea Basin Fisheries (UNDP)

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Strategic Program 2

• Reducing nutrient over-enrichment and oxygen
  depletion from land-based pollution of coastal
  waters in LMEs consistent with the GPA

• Approved Projects
• EAS Regional PEMSEA (UNDP) (GEF IW 11.58 Mio ,
  split between SP1 2)
• EAS Investment Fund (IF) for Pollution Reduction.
  2nd .instalment (WB)
• Mediterranean LME Investment Fund for (WB)
• Mediterranean LME SAP Implem. (UNEP/UNIDO/FAO) (
  split between SP1 SP2)
• Improving Resilience of the Tisza River basin
• (UNDP)
• PLATA Maritime Front SAP Implementation(UNDP)
• Caribbean Revolving Fund (CReW-IADB UNEP)

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Strategic Program 3

• Balancing overuse and conflicting uses of
  water resources in surface and groundwater basins
  that are transboundary in nature

• Approved Projects
• Plata Basin - Flood Adaptation 1 SPA
  (UNEP/OAS)
• Lake Skadar-Skhodra Integrated Ecosystem
  Management (WB)
• Mainstreaming Groundwater Considerations into the
  Integ. Mgnt of the Nile River Basin MSP (UNDP)
• Improving Transboundary WRM Governance in Africa
  (UNDP)
• Amazon Basin-Drought Mgmt. Planning 2.0 Mio
  SPA (UNEP)
• Good Legal Prac. Portfolio learning in
  Transbound. Systems(UNDP)
• IWRM of the Sao Francisco River Basin (UNEP)
• Orange River Basin - Balancing Conflicts (UNDP)
• Pacific SIDS Water Supply Protec./Wastew. Reduc.
  (UNDP/SOPAC)
• Nile Basin Second Phase (UNDP/WB)
• Eastern Nile Basin (WB) LD
• Lake Victoria Basin (WB) LD
• MENARID Iran- Institutional Strengthening and
  Coherence for Sust. LM (UNDP) LD
• MENARID Jordan-Mainstreaming Sustainable Land
  and Water Man. (IFAD) LD
• MENARID Morocco-Participatory Control of
  Desertification (IFAD) LD
• Dinaric Karst Groundwater (UNDP)

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Strategic Program 4

• Reducing Persistent Toxic Substances and
  Adaptive Management of Waters with Melting Ice

• Approved Projects
• Dnipro Basin PTS (UNDP)
• Integrated Management of Lake Baikal Basin (UNDP)