Status of the JET device

1
Status of the JET device and planning of Task
Force H in upcoming JET campaigns
J.Ongena, Seminar Princeton Plasma Physics
Lab Princeton, New Jersey, USA 27 July 2005
2
JET has World Wide Unique and Unmatched
Capabilities

• Burning plasma capability (D-T fuel of ITER,
  a-simulation)
• Size the closest to ITER, the most relevant
  physics for consolidating ITER modes of operation
  (regimes on smaller tokamaks do not always
  extrapolate to JET)
• Unique technical capabilities Beryllium - ITER
  First Wall material Tritium plant Remote
  handling Real Time Control systems Diagnostics
  for burning plasmas
• Scientific exploitation and enhancements under
  fully collaborative scheme with cross-laboratory
  integration of scientists, engineers, project
  managers and administration within a
  contractual/financial framework

3
EFDA-JET Workprogrammes 2005/06Basis for the
Scientific Programme
1. Bring new systems to full performance
(divertor, diagnostics, LH launcher and 3dB
couplers in early 2006 ITER-like ICRH
antenna and conjugate-T after 2006 shutdown)

• High-level commissioning of the ITER-like ICRH
  antenna
• Commissioning of the MkII HD divertor

• Commissioning of new/upgraded diagnostics and
  systems

• High-level commissioning of the ICRH system
  (3dB couplers and conjugate-T) to full power

• High-level commissioning of the LH system to
  full power

4
EFDA-JET Workprogrammes 2005/06Basis for the
Scientific Programme
5
Timetable 2005-2006

• Shutdown, Restart and High Level Commissioning
  2004/05
• Shutdown started 6 March 2004
• Pump-down performed on 7 July 2005
• Restart first plasma expected beginning
  September 2005
• High Level Commissioning (Restart Contingency)
  7 November 2005 (for 2 weeks)
• Experimental Programme Schedule end 2005 / 2006 /
  early 2007
• Campaigns C15, C16 and C17 - 21 November to
  16 December 2005 (18 S/T days, plus 2 days
  maintenance)
• - 9 January to 10 March 2006 (42 S/T days,
  plus 3 days maintenance)
• - 13 March to 12 April 2006 (20 S/T days, plus
  3 days maintenance) OR
• - 21 August to 18 September 2006 (16 S/T days,
  plus 3 days maintenance)

6
Task Force Leaders/Deputies CSU ROs
TF S1 Consolidation of ITER database and
reference scenarios A. Sips (IPP, Garching) R.
Buttery (UKAEA, Culham) T. Loarer (CEA,
Cadarache) D.Frigione TF S2 ITER Advanced
Scenarios X.Litaudon (CEA, Cadarache) C. Challis
(UKAEA, Culham) F.Crisanti (ENEA, Frascati)
D.Moreau TF M MHD S.Pinches (IPP, Garching) R.
Koslowski (FZJ, Jülich) S.Arshad TF
H Heating J. Ongena (ERM/KMS, Brussels) J.
Mailloux (UKAEA, Culham) D. Moreau TF
E Exhaust R.Pitts(CRPP-EPFL,Lausanne)
W.Fundamenski(UKAEA,Culham) V.Philipps(FZJ,Jülich
) B.Goncalves TF D Diagnostics
A.Murari(RFX,Padova)J.Brzozowski(VR,
Sweden)E.delaLuna(CIEMAT,Madrid)R.Pasqualotto
B.Goncalves TF T Transport P. Mantica (ENEA,
Milano) P. Strand (VR, Sweden) V. Naulin (Riso,
Denmark) H. Nordman TF FT Fusion
Technology C. Grisolia (CEA, Cadarache) P. Coad
(UKAEA) G. Piazza, S.Rosanvallon TF
DT Deuterium-Tritium Operation K-D. Zastrow
(UKAEA, Culham) M. L. Watkins
7
Significant Upgrade of JET Scientific
Capabilities in 2005-2006

• End 2005
• MkII-HD divertor (high triangularity, high power
  operation)
• 3 dB couplers for ELM resilience on 2 of the 4
  existing ICRH A2 antennas
• Improved Neutral Beam neutralisers ( 1.5 - 2
  MW)
• 14 (2) new or upgraded diagnostics / systems
• Disruption mitigation valve
• End 2006
• ITER-like ICRH antenna
• External conjugate-T for ELM resilience on
  remaining ICRH A2 antennas
• LHCD control electronic refurbishment
• Smaller diagnostics

8
JET ICRF System 2004
Reliable Power into H/L
4/8
A
1/2
B
1/2
C
1/2
D
1/2
9
JET ICRF System 2005/2006
Reliable Power into H/L
end 2006/2007 11/15.2
2005 5/8
2005
A
3/4
3dB couplers
B
end 2006/begin 2007
JET-EP
6/7.2
end 2006
C
1/2
conjugate T
D
1/2
10
More NB power with Septum Neutraliser
All 8 PINIS of Oct 8 and PINI1 of Oct 4 will be
equipped with the septum neutralizer in 2005
11
NBI - Forecast for 2005 NBI power to Torus
gt NBI Power in 2005 25MW max (30-50 rel.),
23.5MW(60-70 rel.) 20.5MW (90 rel.)
all PINIs 1
PINI out 3 PINIs out
12
LHCD - 2005 Power Forecast

• With 24 klystrons available
• Reach 5MW/5s and 4MW/15s on L-mode plasma.
• so that 3.0MW/15s is available reliably for Task
  Force experiments (with good coupling).
• From end november 2005 only 21 klystrons will
  be available (in view of future refurbishment)
  only 2.5MW/15s will be available.

• Special restart tasks to improve LH operation
• Specific tests to assess consequences of grill
  damage.
• High power commissioning of launcher on H-mode
  plasma (as opposed to L-mode only).
• Radiation protection needs to be re-commissioned
  following commissioning of new bolometer camera.

13
Power handling with ITER-like plasma shapes
modified divertor (MkII-HD) installed

• Handle up to 40MW power for 10s with strike
  point sweeping
• More flexibility for ITER matched
  triangularity plasmas (dU0.44, dL0.56) at
  higher Ip (3.5-4MA)
• Refurbishment of divertor diagnostics
• Operation in 2005

14
High Resolution Thomson Scattering

• Objective measure Te and ne at high resolution
  (ITB plasmas, plasma edge)
• Main Characteristics
• 60 points for R3.0-3.9m
• 1.5cm resolution
• 20 Hz repetition rate
• predicted accuracy of 15 at ne1.0x1019m-3

15
Core Charge Exchange Recombination Spectroscopy

• Objective full radial profile of impurity
  density, Ti and toroidal rotation
• Main Characteristics
• Time resolution from 5 to 10ms
• Radial resolution 6cm (40 points in
  R2.7-3.7m)

16
Halo Current Sensors

• Objective measurement of value, current
  density, toroidal and poloidal distribution and
  nature of Halo Currents (asymmetries, filaments,
  correlation with kink instabilities,...)
• 4 sets of probe arrays at interoctant positions
  Oct 1-2, 3-4, 5-6, 7-8
• Main Characteristics
• 5kHz analog bandwidth
• 12dB S/N ratio

17
Wide View Infrared camera

• Objective temperature distribution of first
  wall (ELMs, disruptions), survery of ICRH antenna
• Main Characteristics
• Full poloidal cross-section, centred on ICRH
  antenna
• 5-10ms time resolution
• 10-20mm spatial resolution

18
Much more diagnostics are installed at JET now
Total of 14 (2) Diagnostics Enhancements
Projects foreseen to be operational from 2005

• High Resolution Thomson Scattering (ENEA-RFX) (US
  collaboration)
• CXRS core (UKAEA) (US collaboration)
• Microwave access (IST,CNR-Milano, FOM, IPP)
• Vertical bolometer camera (IPP)
• Tritium retention studies diagnostics (UKAEA,
  TEKES, FZJ, IPP, VR)
• Edge Current Profile (UKAEA, VR, CEA, IST)
• IR camera viewing system (CEA, ENEA)
• Magnetic Proton Recoil (VR, CNR-Milano, IST)
• Neutron Time Of Flight TOFOR (VR, CNR-Milano,
  IST)
• Lost alphas (IPP) (US collaboration)
• Fast Digitizers (IST, UKAEA) (US collaboration)
• Disruption mitigation (FZJ, UKAEA)
• Halo sensors and magnetics (ENEA-RFX/Create) Only
  part of magnetics
• TAE antennae / high n modes (CRPP) (US
  collaboration) Only 1 antenna
• Collaborations with Russian Federation on
  neutron, g, NPA diagnostics

Latest status see TF-D website(users.jet.efda.o
rg/pages/d-task-force/index.htmlunder topic
latest on 2005 JET enhancements)
19
Content of Talk

• JET Operations End 2005/Early 2006
• JET Operational ScheduleExperimental Planning
  for Task Force HeatingJET Upgrades available End
  2005/Early 2006
• JET Upgrades planned for End 2006
• High Power Prototype ITER like antenna
• Long Term Plans for JET
• Beryllium WallMore Heating PowerImproved Pellet
  Capability

20
Main aim of Task Force H in 2005-2006

• Make progress in issues specifically for ITER
• Study of coupling of LH/ICRH under ITER relevant
  conditions and scenarios
• Understanding off-axis NBI current drive
• Optimise Heating/Current Drive scheme (including
  coupling) for use by other Task Forces Mode
  conversion, Fast wave coupling schemes, Minimize
  interaction of LH and ICRH at JET,...
• Physics topics rotation studies with ICRH, Fast
  particle studies
• Maximise LH and ICRH coupled power at JET
  (including understand reasons for operational
  limits and explore solutions to push these
  limits)

21
ICRH coupling to ELMy plasma improved with
conjugate-T matching scheme
Conjugate T matching
Low Power (200kW) Tests Succesfull - dec 2003
High Power with ICRH High Power Prototype (7.2MW
design) - end 2006/2007
22
ELM Resilient ITER-like ICRH antenna under
construction (operation end 2006/2007)

• ELM resilient Conjugate-T antenna with
  Internal Matching
• High Power Density
• 7MW additional power

• Challenging Project
• Voltage Stand-Off in Capacitors
• (High) Precision C tuning for Matching
• Forces during disruptions

Key demonstration in preparation of ITER
antennas
23
Content of Talk

• JET Operations End 2005/Early 2006
• JET Operational ScheduleExperimental Planning
  for Task Force HeatingJET Upgrades available End
  2005/Early 2006
• JET Upgrades planned for End 2006
• High Power Prototype ITER like antenna
• Long Term Plans for JET
• Beryllium WallMore Heating PowerImproved Pellet
  Capability

24
Until ITER starts JET still has significant
technical capabilities which can be used to
prepare for ITER operation

• On short-term (2005/2006), JETs scientific
  capabilities
• are being extended, with construction of
• ITER-like antenna and new plasma diagnostics
• JETs key components (vacuum vessel, magnets)
  have
• not been used for more than 15 of their fatigue
  lifetime,
• although regular maintenance is needed on
  auxiliaries
• On longer term (2007-2010), JET can be used
• to develop further operating scenarios
  inconditions closest to those of ITER
• to optimise more ITER auxiliaries
• Requires ITER-like wall conditions
  andincreased heating power

25
Planned ITER-like wall experiment on JETOnly
JET can prepare ITER operation with the relevant
materials combination Preparation of ITER plasma
operation in world-wide unique conditions
26
ITER like wall project for JET Key Objectives

• Material erosion and migration with relevant mix
  of materials
• Tritium inventory control
• Wall lifetime
• Study of damage due to transients (ELMs and
  disruptions) e.g. melt layer loss studies
• control / mitigation techniques ? Limit
  disruption / ELM damage
• Reference Option (all-W divertor) Operate
  without C - radiation
• Option with C targets Test de-tritiation
  techniques
• An essential stepping stone to ITER

Demonstrate routine / safe operation of fully
integrated ITER compatible scenarios at 3-5MA ?
power upgrade (40-45 MW overall power) to operate
at high performance and high densities
27
ELM effects on the W ( or C) divertor in JET
1-2MJ ELMs required to study melt layer effects
on W target achievable with 10-20MJ stored energy
1MJ ELMs in JET ? wall loading 10 40 MJm-2s-1/2
divertor Be-melting ( 16 MJm-2s-1/2) divertor
C-ablation ( 35 MJm-2s-1/2)
28
Planned Upgraded Pellet Injection High
Frequency Pellet Injector Project (PELIN,
St.Petersburg)
Objective ELM control deep fuelling
JET
ITER
JET needs are close to ITER needs Encouraging
results obtained on TS (10 Hz) and on JT60-U (50
Hz) with a screw extruder system
29
Planned increase of Neutral Beam Power
40s 30s 20s 10s 0
2005
0 10 20
30 40MW
Changing the magnetic structure of the ion
sources from present supercusp to pure
chequerboard configuration and modifying the PINI
accelerator - Increase of the extracted
molecular ion fractions (D2, D3) ? higher
neutralisation efficiency ? higher E/2 and E/3
neutral beam fractions. - Increase of the ion
source plasma uniformity ? lower average beam
divergence ? better beam optics ? higher
transmission - Increase of the extraction
apertures diameter and reduction of the
accelerator gap ? beam current increase (60A?65A).
30
More power will bring JET plasmas even closer
to ITER Example ITER ELMy H-Mode data base
31
40-45 MW heating power will allow highly ITER
relevant studies of plasma regimese.g. High
density bootstrap-dominated advanced regime in
steady regimes
Need more power at JET for AT scenarios
pa5MW
Full lines n nGW at q95 5 and bN up to
3 (ITER Relevant domain) Dotted lines n lt nGW
2009-2010
pa1.0MW
2005-2006

• simultaneous increase of
• Iboot/IP and nTt
• high nedge for metallic wall
• compatibility

2003-2004
32

• Conclusion Proposed JET Programme in Support of
  ITER
• 2005-2007
• Strong focus on preparing ITER detailed design
  and ITER exploitation, including the
  commissioning and initial operation of an
  ITER-like ICRH antenna and preparationfor
  proposed changes of wall/divertor materials and
  increased heating power
• Installation exploitation of JET-EP
  enhancements, including diagnostics
• 2008 Shutdown
• Installation of major new capabilities
• ITER-like wall
• NB power upgrade
• High frequency pellet injector
• Diagnostics
• Other small enhancements (tbd)
• EFDA Steering Committee approved first
  three
• Experimentation in 2009-2010

33
Appendix 1 Summary of design characteristics of
new diagnostics at JET

• The next pages contain a concise summary of the
  design charactaristics of the various new
  diagnostics in JET. Latest information on their
  actual implementation on JET and on the date of
  availability can be found on the Task Force D
  website in JET
• http//users.jet.efda.org/pages/d-task-force/index
  .html,
• under topic latest on 2005 JET enhancements

34
Divertor diagnostics
35
KE11 High Resolution Thomson Scattering
(HRTS)
36
KB5 - Bolometer cameras
37
KB3 Bolometer cameras in divertor
38
old
Oct 8
Oct 4
KS7 - edge CXRS
39
old
KS5 - Charge Exchange Recombination
Spectroscopy
40
KL5 - Wide angle Infrared View (IRV)
41
KA2 Lost alpha diagnostics (LAP) Faraday Cups
42
KA3 - Lost alpha diagnostics (LAP) Scintillator
probe
43
KM9 - Magnetic proton recoil spectrometer (MPRu)
44
KM11 - Time of flight for optimised rate (TOFOR)
45
KC1 - Magnetics
46
KC1H - Halo current sensors
47
KC1T - Toroidal Alfven Eigenmodes antennas (TAE)
48
Microwave access (MWA)
49
KK5 - Michelson Electron Cyclotron Emission
Oblique ECE
50
Fast ADCs (incl. KC1M, KC1N)
51
Tritium retention studies (incl. KV6 - QMBs)
52
Appendix 2 Details of Task Force H sessions in
2005/2006

• The next pages contain a concise summary of the
  sessions planned/merged or postponed for Task
  Force H. More information can be found on the
  Task Force H webpage at JET.

53
Experiments planned for High Level Commissioning
Campaign
Proposal . Status Author Nr. Sessions
Maximise LHCD power in plamsas with ELMs Acc. K.Kirov 2
Maximisation of ICRF power on ELMs (including work for 3 dB couplers) Acc. M.Mayoral 2
Improved LH wave coupling during operation with ICRH antenna A and B Acc. K.Kirov 2
ICRF antenna array S-Matrix measurements under plasma loading P-B. I.Monakhov 0
54
Topics in Task Force H --- LHCD

• Optimisation of LHCD operation (Headline 1 and 2)

Proposal Status Author Nr. Sessions
Maximise LHCD power in plasma with ELMs Acc. K.Kirov 2 HLC (2 HLC)
Improved LH wave coupling during operation with ICRH antenna A and B (with 3db couplers). Acc. K.Kirov 2 HLC (2 HLC)
LHCD coupling, especially in ITER-like conditions
and including effect of triangularity on SOL ne
(Headline 2 and 3)
Proposal Status Author Nr. Sesssions
Coupling of LH waves in the hybrid scenario at high triangularity Merged A. Ekedahl 2 (2)
Coupling of high power LH waves in ITB plasmas at high triangularity Merged A. Ekedahl 2 (2)
Optimise LH coupling in plasmas at high triangularity with ELMs using gas puffing Merged J. Mailloux 2 (2)
55
Topics in Task Force --- LHCD
ITER relevant coupling of LH waves (Headline 2
and 3)
Proposal Status Author Nr.Sessions
Characterisation of SOL during LHCD and gas puffing Merged K.Rantamäki 3 (2)
Characterisation of LH coupling and parasitic absorption in L-mode plasmas Merged A. Ekedahl 3 (2)
Bright spots generated parasitically by lower hybrid power Merged K. Rantamäki 3 (2)
Non-linear Edge Effects at LH Wave Launching Merged V.Petrzilka 3 (2)
Observation of Energetic Particles Generated in Front of the JET LH Grill Merged V. Petrzilka 3 (2)
LH wave physics current drive, synergy with ICRH
in mode conversion regime, parasitic absorption
on fast ions, startup (Headline 2 and 3)
Proposal Status Author Sessions
Fast ion absorption of LH waves Postp. L-G.Eriksson 0 (0)
Current Drive Profile Control with LHCD Phasing Acc. Yu. Baranov 1 (1)
Lower Hybrid Current Drive Assisted by ICRF Mode Converted Waves Postp. Yu. Baranov 0 (0)
Lower Hybrid Counter Current Drive Postp. M. Goniche 0 (0)
Plasma Startup in JET using Lower Hybrid Wave without induction Postp. M.Peng 0 (0)
56
Topics in Task Force H --- NBI
NBI physics fast particle physics, on/off axis
current drive and poloidal momentum generation
(Headline 2 and 4)
Proposal Status Author Sessions
Investigation of fast ion dynamics due to on-axis and off-axis NBI Acc. I.Jenkins 2 (2)
Study of poloidal momentum input by NBI and control of the ExB shearing rate P-B K.Crombe/ Y.Andrew 0 (0)
57
Topics in Task Force H --- ICRH
Optimisation of ICRH operation, especially in
ITER-like conditions (far distance and large
ELMs) (Headline 1,2 and 3)
Proposal Status Author Sessions
Maximisation of ICRF power on ELMs Acc. M.Mayoral 2 (2) / HLC
ICRF coupling with gas injection in ITER like configuration Acc. M.Mayoral 1 (1)
Peculiarities of ICRF antenna loading during ELMs P-B I.Monakhov 0 (0)
ICRF antenna arry S-matrix measurements under plasma loading P-B I.Monakhov 0 (0) / HLC
Mode conversion (Headline 4)
Proposal Status Author Sessions
Development of reliable ICRH mode conversion in the hybrid scenario and application of this tool for transport studies Merged D.Van Eester 1H,1T (0)
Mode conversion in ITB plasmas electron transport study Merged D.Van Eester 1H,1T (0)
Fast wave studies (Headline 2 and 4)
Proposal Status Author Sessions
Fast Wave Current Drive Heating in ITB Plasmas Postp. T.Hellsten 0 0
Investigation of RF-sheath effects and parasitic absorption during ICRH Postp. T.Hellsten 0 0
58
Topics in Task Force H ---- ICRH
Plasma rotation with low or no external momentum
(Headline 4)
Proposal Status Author Sessions
The influence of magnetic field ripple on toroidal rotation in plasmas with little or no external momentum injection Postp. L-G.Eriksson 0 (0)
Plasma rotation with low or no external momentum source Merged L-G.Eriksson/T.Hellsten 2 (2)
Feedback control of sawteeth (Headline 4)
Proposal Status Author Sessions
Feedback Control of the sawtooth period by using the extreme shape controller to vary the location of the RF resonance relative to the q1 surface during ICCD Merged F.Sartori 2 (0)
Feedback Control of the sawtooth period by using a variable ICRF frequency or the extreme shape controller to vary the location of the RF resonance relative to the q1 surface during ICCD Merged M.Lennholm 2 (0)
Ion Cyclotron Current Drive control of sawteeth generated by simulated alpha particles Merged M.Mayoral 2 (0)
59
Topics in Task Force H --- ICRH
Fast ions, ITER relevant schemes and transport
studies (Headline 4)
Proposal Status Author Sessions
Exotic neutron production reactions in ICRF minority heated plasmas Acc. M.Santala 0.5 (0)
Experimental study of the mechanism of fundamental ICRF heating of the majority ions in ITER-like tokamak plasma Acc. A.Krasilnikov/D.Van Eester 1 (0)
Fast ion transport in reversed shear plasmas Postp. R.Cesario 0 (0)
Te/Ti effects on plasma energy confinement P-B. E.Asp 0 (0)
60
Summary Session Attribution in Task Force H
Total sessions in 80 day campaign 15.5
Total sessions in 60 day campaign (9)
Sessions in High Level Commissioning 6
Overall Total of Sessions 21.5 (15)
61
Appendix 3 Details of Planning C15-C19
(2005-2006)

• New ICRH Antenna Early New ICRH Antenna
  Late
• C15 Physics Campaign C15 Physics
  Campaign(20d 21/11/05 - 16/12/05) (20d
  21/11/05 - 16/12/05)
• C16 Physics Campaign C16 Physics
  Campaign(45d 9/1/06 - 10/03/06)
  (45d 9/1/06 - 10/03/06)
• C17 Physics camp. Conj.T C17
  Physics Campaign(18d 21/8/06 - 18/9/06)
  (23d 13/3/06 - 12/04/06)
• C18 50Physics Campaign Conj.T C18 Physics
  Camp. Conj.T 50 Low Power Comm.
  JET-EP(20d 25/9/06 - 10/11/06) (20d
  25/9/06 - 20/10/06)
• C19 Physics Campaign Conj.T C19 50
  Phys. Camp Conj.T JET-EP
  50 Low Power Comm JET-EP (25d 13/11/06 -
  15/12/06) (20d 30/10/06 - 15/12/06)
  i.e. full power JET-EP only
  available in 2007

62
Appendix 4 Details of NBI Upgrade (2007)

• The next pages contain some technical details on
  the proposed neutral beam upgrade at JET.

63
Aims
The aims of the EP2 NB Enhancement are

• To increase the maximum deuterium NB power from
  25MW to 34MW.
• To increase the pulse length to 20s at full power
  and 40s and half power.
• To improve the reliability and availability of
  the JET NB System.

This will be achieved by
64
Implications for post-2008 JET Programme (1)

• Increase in total neutral power per PINI of 30
• Beam power fractions Full energy component
  reduced by 7.
• Fractional energy components increased 3 times.

65
Implications for post-2008 JET Programme (2)

• Increase in fuelling (single PINI) of 70.