Gene Regulation

1
???????????????????????
Gene Regulation
??? ??.?????? ??????
2
?????????????????????????????????
????????????????? ???????
?????????????????????????????????
????????????????????? ????????????????????????????
????????????????????????????????????
????????????????? differentiate
???????????????????????????? ?????????????????????
??????????????????????????????????????????????????
??
3
R. Briggs and T. King
Nuclear transplantation ??????????????????????
??? ectoderm ???????????????????????????????
????????????????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????????? ??????????
4
????? J.B. Gurdon ????? Afarican clawed toad
???????????????????????? ?????????????????????????
??????? ??????????????????????????????????????????
???????? ?????????????????????????????????????
5
Salivary gland chromosome
Polytene chromosome
Giant chromosome
???????????????????? ????????????????????????????
3 ???????????
??????????????????? DNA ????????????????????????
??????? DNA ???????? ????????????
???????????????????
6
Puffs
interband
band
??????????? puff ?? RNA ????????
7
???????????????????????????????? ????? ?? puffs
????????????????????? ????????????????????
ecdyzone ????????????????????????????????????????
?
???????? ecdyzone ????????????????????? ?????
??puffs ????????????????????? ?????????
?????????????????????????????
8
Enzyme
??????????????? 2 ????

• Constitutive enzyme ????????????????????????
  - enz. ??????????? glycolysis ???????
• Adaptive enzyme ????????????????????????????????
  ???? - b-galactosidase ???????

9
Operon
Escherichia coli
Jacob and Monod
Operon theory
??????????
Operon

• ???????????? (structural gene) -
  ????????????????????????????????????????? ????
  ???????
• ??????????????????? (operator site)
  ??????????????????????????????????????
  ???????????????

10
Repressor protein
???????????????????????????? ???????????????????
?????????????????????????????? ???????????????????
RNA polymerase ????????????????????????
????????????????? ????????????? mRNA
?????????????????? ?????????????????????????????
? RNA polymerase ????????????????????
?????????????????????????? mRNA ??????????????????
11
lac-operon
regulator gene
promotor site
operator site
strutural gene
12
b-galactosidase
Galactose
Lactose
Glucose
b-galactosidase
Allolactose
inducer
Lactose
13
Inducible system
Regulator gene ????? active repressor protein
???????? Operator site ????? Operon ???
Inducer ????? active repressor protein ????????
inactive repressor protein ???????? Operator site
?????? ????? Operon ????
14
(No Transcript)
15
(No Transcript)
16
(No Transcript)
17
Repressible system
Regulator gene ????? inactive repressor protein
???????? Operator site ?????? ????? Operon ????
Co-repressor inactive repressor protein ----gt
active repressor protein ???????? Operator
site ??? ????? Operon ???
18
(No Transcript)
19
(No Transcript)
20
(No Transcript)
21
(No Transcript)
22
Negative control
??????????????????????? ????????????????????????
RNA polymerase ???? Operon system
Positive control
??????????????????????? ?????????????????????????
RNA polymerase
23
????????
?????? E. coli ???????????? glucose ??? lactose
????? ??????????????????????? lac Operon
????????? ?
???????????? glucose ???? Carbon source ????????
?????????????????????????????? cAMP cyclic
Adenosine Monophosphate CAP Catabolite
Activated Protein
24
?????? cyclic AMP ????????????????????????????
glucose ??? glucose ??? cAMP ?????? ??? glucose
???? cAMP ?????
???????? cAMP ?????????????? CAP ?????????????
RNA polymerase ???????????? Promotor site ???
??????? ???????????? glucose ??? cAMP ???? ?????
RNA polymerase ?????????? Promotor site ??????
?????? Operon ???? ?????????? RNA polymerase ???
Promotor site
25
cAMP-CAP
26
(No Transcript)
27
(No Transcript)
28
(No Transcript)
29
(No Transcript)
30
(No Transcript)
31
(No Transcript)