Biology Assessment Items

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Biology Assessment Items

• Biology Content

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How are prokaryotes different from
eukaryotes? a. Prokaryotes can make their own
food but eukaryotes cannot. b. Eukaryotes have a
cell wall, but prokaryotes do not. c. Eukaryotes
have a nucleus but prokaryotes do
not. d. Prokaryotes always have organelles and
eukaryotes only sometimes do.
3
How are prokaryotes different from
eukaryotes? a. Prokaryotes can make their own
food but eukaryotes cannot. b. Eukaryotes have a
cell wall, but prokaryotes do not. c. Eukaryotes
have a nucleus but prokaryotes do
not. d. Prokaryotes always have organelles and
eukaryotes only sometimes do.
4
What is the main difference between prokaryotes
and eukaryotes? a. Prokaryotes have DNA. b.
Prokaryotes have a nucleus. c. Eukaryotes have a
nucleus. d. There is no difference.
5
What is the main difference between prokaryotes
and eukaryotes? a. Prokaryotes have DNA. b.
Prokaryotes have a nucleus. c. Eukaryotes have a
nucleus. d. There is no difference.
6
A cell has a defect that results in the loss of
its ability to regulate the passage of water,
food, and wastes into and out of the cell. In
which of the following cell structures is this
defect most likely to be located? a. ribosomes b.
chloroplasts c. cell membrane d. endoplasmic
reticulum
7
A cell has a defect that results in the loss of
its ability to regulate the passage of water,
food, and wastes into and out of the cell. In
which of the following cell structures is this
defect most likely to be located? a. ribosomes b.
chloroplasts c. cell membrane d. endoplasmic
reticulum
8
Which of the following statements about cell
membranes is NOT true? a. They are barriers
between the inside and outside of the
cell. b. They contain proteins which perform a
variety of transport functions. c. They are
composed of phospholipids. d. The allow DNA to
move in and out of the cell.
9
Which of the following statements about cell
membranes is NOT true? a. They are barriers
between the inside and outside of the
cell. b. They contain proteins which perform a
variety of transport functions. c. They are
composed of phospholipids. d. The allow DNA to
move in and out of the cell.
10
Mitochondria are used to produce energy for
cells. Which type of cell would contain the most
mitochondria? a. fat cells b. bone cells c. red
blood cells d. muscle cells
11
Mitochondria are used to produce energy for
cells. Which type of cell would contain the most
mitochondria? a. fat cells b. bone cells c. red
blood cells d. muscle cells
12
The process of diffusion occurs when a. all
molecular movement stops. b. molecules move from
areas of lesser concentration to areas of greater
concentration. c. sugar molecules move into a
cell. d. molecules move from areas of greater
concentration to areas of lesser concentration.
13
The process of diffusion occurs when a. all
molecular movement stops. b. molecules move from
areas of lesser concentration to areas of greater
concentration. c. sugar molecules move into a
cell. d. molecules move from areas of greater
concentration to areas of lesser concentration.
14
Which of the following is responsible for
maintaining the shape of the cell as well as
controlling what enters and leaves the
cell? a. Nucleus b. Cell wall c. Cell
membrane d. Golgi apparatus
15
Which of the following is responsible for
maintaining the shape of the cell as well as
controlling what enters and leaves the
cell? a. Nucleus b. Cell wall c. Cell
membrane d. Golgi apparatus
16
Which organelle below reduces the effects of
osmosis in this type of protozoan? a. Contractil
e vacuole b. Food vacuole c. Cilia d. Oral groove
17
Which organelle below reduces the effects of
osmosis in this type of protozoan? a. Contractil
e vacuole b. Food vacuole c. Cilia d. Oral groove
18
The diffusion of a substance into or out of a
cell requires a. a concentration gradient. b. an
active transport system. c. a carrier
molecule. d. a functioning mitochondrion.
19
The diffusion of a substance into or out of a
cell requires a. a concentration gradient. b. an
active transport system. c. a carrier
molecule. d. a functioning mitochondrion.
20
Some single-celled organisms have cilia or
flagella which allow them to ___________. a. repro
duce b. grow c. move d. respire
21
Some single-celled organisms have cilia or
flagella which allow them to ___________. a. repro
duce b. grow c. move d. respire
22
The plasma membrane of a cell is selectively
permeable, which means it a. controls all
cellular activities. b. is responsible for
asexual reproduction. c. allows some materials to
pass. d. has a carbohydrate foundation.
23
The plasma membrane of a cell is selectively
permeable, which means it a. controls all
cellular activities. b. is responsible for
asexual reproduction. c. allows some materials to
pass. d. has a carbohydrate foundation.
24
The primary structure of a cell membrane is
composed of a. cholesterol. b. phospholipids. c.
carbohydrates. d. saccharides.
25
The primary structure of a cell membrane is
composed of a. cholesterol. b. phospholipids. c.
carbohydrates. d. saccharides.
26
Golgi apparatus is to vacuole as packaging is
to a. protecting. b. storing c. asorbing. d. hydr
ating.
27
Golgi apparatus is to vacuole as packaging is
to a. protecting. b. storing c. absorbing. d. hyd
rating.
28
Peptide bonds between amino acids are formed
primarily on the cells a. mitochondria. b. lysos
omes. c. ribosomes. d. membrane.
29
Peptide bonds between amino acids are formed
primarily on the cells a. mitochondria. b. lysos
omes. c. ribosomes. d. membrane.
30
Which activity is illustrated in the diagram of
an ameba shown below? a. egestion b. synthesis
c. respiration d. ingestion
31
Which activity is illustrated in the diagram of
an ameba shown below? a. egestion b. synthesis
c. respiration d. ingestion
32
The cell theory states all of the following
except a. All living things are made of cells.
b. Viruses are made of cells. c. Cells are the
basic units of life. d. Cells come only from
other cells.
33
The cell theory states all of the following
except a. All living things are made of cells.
b. Viruses are made of cells. c. Cells are the
basic units of life. d. Cells come only from
other cells.
34
Which of the following statements is true of all
living things? a. All cells come from other
cells. b. All cells contain a nucleus. c. Cells
reproduce by binary fission. d. All living things
are multicellular.
35
Which of the following statements is true of all
living things? a. All cells come from other
cells. b. All cells contain a nucleus. c. Cells
reproduce by binary fission. d. All living things
are multicellular.
36
Which statement is not part of the cell
theory? a. Cells are the basic unit of structure
of living things. b. Cells are the basic unit of
function of living things. c. Cell parts such as
chloroplasts are self-replicating. d. Cells come
from preexisting cells.
37
Which statement is not part of the cell
theory? a. Cells are the basic unit of structure
of living things. b. Cells are the basic unit of
function of living things. c. Cell parts such as
chloroplasts are self-replicating. d. Cells come
from preexisting cells.
38
The invention of the compound light microscope
enabled scientists to observe cells, helping them
to a. determine the number of atoms in a
molecule. b. discover a basic similarity among
organisms. c. study the behavior of
chordates. d. develop techniques for growing
plants in a laboratory.
39
The invention of the compound light microscope
enabled scientists to observe cells, helping them
to a. determine the number of atoms in a
molecule. b. discover a basic similarity among
organisms. c. study the behavior of
chordates. d. develop techniques for growing
plants in a laboratory.
40
The biochemical analysis of different chlorophyll
pigments in plants would be most useful in
determining a. how plants reproduce asexually
b. how plants pass favorable traits to their
offspring c. why some plants produce hemoglobin
d. which plants might have a common ancestor
41
The biochemical analysis of different chlorophyll
pigments in plants would be most useful in
determining a. how plants reproduce asexually
b. how plants pass favorable traits to their
offspring c. why some plants produce hemoglobin
d. which plants might have a common ancestor
42
Enzymes can promote chemical reactions in living
tissues. For example, the breakdown of hydrogen
peroxide into harmless water and oxygen is
accomplished by the chemical catalase. Which
molecule represents the substrate in this
reaction? a. catalase b. hydrogen
peroxide c. oxygen d. water
43
Enzymes can promote chemical reactions in living
tissues. For example, the breakdown of hydrogen
peroxide into harmless water and oxygen is
accomplished by the chemical catalase. Which
molecule represents the substrate in this
reaction? a. catalase b. hydrogen
peroxide c. oxygen d. water
44
Catalysts, such as enzymes, speed up the rate of
a reaction by a. raising the temperature at
which the reaction occurs. b. lowering the
temperature at which the reaction
occurs. c. increasing the activation energy
required for the reaction to occur. d. lowering
the activation energy required for the reaction
to occur.
45
Catalysts, such as enzymes, speed up the rate of
a reaction by a. raising the temperature at
which the reaction occurs. b. lowering the
temperature at which the reaction
occurs. c. increasing the activation energy
required for the reaction to occur. d. lowering
the activation energy required for the reaction
to occur.
46
The role of enzymes in chemical reactions within
the cell is BEST described how? a. Enzymes change
the outcome of the chemical reaction. b. Enzymes
change the rate of the chemical reaction, but do
not alter the outcome. C .Enzymes have no effect
on any part of the chemical reaction. d. Enzymes
add energy to the chemical reaction.
47
The role of enzymes in chemical reactions within
the cell is BEST described how? a. Enzymes change
the outcome of the chemical reaction. b. Enzymes
change the rate of the chemical reaction, but do
not alter the outcome. C .Enzymes have no effect
on any part of the chemical reaction. d. Enzymes
add energy to the chemical reaction.
48
Which substance is made up of many monomers
joined together in long chains? a. amino
acid b. protein c. nucleotide d. fatty acid
49
Which substance is made up of many monomers
joined together in long chains? a. amino
acid b. protein c. nucleotide d. fatty acid
50
Many aquatic birds secrete waxy organic
substances that repel water. The birds use these
substances to coat their feathers. An analysis of
these substances would reveal that they are
composed mostly of a. lipids. b. proteins. c. ca
rbohydrates. d. nucleic acids.
51
Many aquatic birds secrete waxy organic
substances that repel water. The birds use these
substances to coat their feathers. An analysis of
these substances would reveal that they are
composed mostly of a. lipids. b. proteins. c. ca
rbohydrates. d. nucleic acids.
52
Which macromolecule is correctly paired with its
function? a. Lipids and genetic
information b. Nucleic acids and energy
storage c. Carbohydrates and enzymatic
function d. Proteins and enzymatic function
53
Which macromolecule is correctly paired with its
function? a. Lipids and genetic
information b. Nucleic acids and energy
storage c. Carbohydrates and enzymatic
function d. Proteins and enzymatic function
54
One way RNA is different from DNA is that RNA
contains a. phosphate groups. b. hydrogen
bonds. c. ribose. d. bases.
55
One way RNA is different from DNA is that RNA
contains a. phosphate groups. b. hydrogen
bonds. c. ribose. d. bases.
56
CCGTAC What would the mRNA complement of the
above DNA strand be? a. AATGCA b. GGCAUG c. TTACUT
d. UUACGU
57
CCGTAC What would the mRNA complement of the
above DNA strand be? a. AATGCA b. GGCAUG c. TTACUT
d. UUACGU
58
The cells that make up the skin of an individual
have some functions different from the cells that
make up the liver because a. all cells have a
common ancestor. b. different cells have
different genetic material. c. environment and
past history have no influence on cell
function. d. different parts of genetic
instructions are used in different types of
cells.
59
The cells that make up the skin of an individual
have some functions different from the cells that
make up the liver because a. all cells have a
common ancestor. b. different cells have
different genetic material. c. environment and
past history have no influence on cell
function. d. different parts of genetic
instructions are used in different types of
cells.
60
Uncontrolled cell division is a characteristic of
a. cleavage. b. oogenesis. c. cancer. d. regener
ation.
61
Uncontrolled cell division is a characteristic of
a. cleavage. b. oogenesis. c. cancer. d. regener
ation.
62
A karyotype would be LEAST useful in determining
whether a person had a. a missing 23rd
chromosome. b. more than one X chromosome. c. a
recessive gene on the Y chromosome. d. an extra
copy of chromosome 21.
63
A karyotype would be LEAST useful in determining
whether a person had a. a missing 23rd
chromosome. b. more than one X chromosome. c. a
recessive gene on the Y chromosome. d. an extra
copy of chromosome 21.
64
The eye is considered an organ because it a. is
made up of different tissues working together. b.
requires light energy to function correctly. c.
contains a fluid-filled central cavity. d. is
almost completely surrounded by bone.
65
The eye is considered an organ because it a. is
made up of different tissues working together. b.
requires light energy to function correctly. c.
contains a fluid-filled central cavity. d. is
almost completely surrounded by bone.
66
After a series of cell divisions, an embryo
develops different types of body cells such as
muscle cells, nerve cells, and blood cells. This
development occurs because a. the genetic code
changes as the cells divide. b. different
segments of the genetic instructions are used to
produce different types of cells. c. different
genetic instructions are synthesized to meet the
needs of new types of cells. d. some parts of the
genetic materials are lost as a result of
fertilization.
67
After a series of cell divisions, an embryo
develops different types of body cells such as
muscle cells, nerve cells, and blood cells. This
development occurs because a. the genetic code
changes as the cells divide. b. different
segments of the genetic instructions are used to
produce different types of cells. c. different
genetic instructions are synthesized to meet the
needs of new types of cells. d. some parts of the
genetic materials are lost as a result of
fertilization.
68
When excess sugar is produced in a plant, the
plant will a. release the sugar into the
soil. b. convert the sugar into minerals. c.
store the sugar by forming larger molecules. d.
burn the leaves of the plant as it releases
energy.
69
When excess sugar is produced in a plant, the
plant will a. release the sugar into the
soil. b. convert the sugar into minerals. c.
store the sugar by forming larger molecules. d.
burn the leaves of the plant as it releases
energy.
70
Vascular plants transport water and nutrients to
all parts of the plant through a. diffusion b. p
hagocytosis c. xylem and phloem d. cellular
respiration and photosynthesis
71
Vascular plants transport water and nutrients to
all parts of the plant through a. diffusion b. p
hagocytosis c. xylem and phloem d. cellular
respiration and photosynthesis
72
Which disease damages the human immune system,
leaving the body open to certain infectious
agents? a. flu b. AIDS c. chicken
pox d. pneumonia
73
Which disease damages the human immune system,
leaving the body open to certain infectious
agents? a. flu b. AIDS c. chicken
pox d. pneumonia
74
Which statement best describes the relationship
between the terms chromosomes, genes, and
nuclei? a. Chromosomes are found on genes. Genes
are found in nuclei. b. Chromosomes are found in
nuclei. Nuclei are found in genes. c. Genes are
found on chromosomes. Chromosomes are found in
nuclei. d. Genes are found in nuclei. Nuclei are
found in chromosomes.
75
Which statement best describes the relationship
between the terms chromosomes, genes, and
nuclei? a. Chromosomes are found on genes. Genes
are found in nuclei. b. Chromosomes are found in
nuclei. Nuclei are found in genes. c. Genes are
found on chromosomes. Chromosomes are found in
nuclei. d. Genes are found in nuclei. Nuclei are
found in chromosomes.
76
Which of the following statements BEST explains
the relationship between the parts of genetic
materials? a. Each DNA molecule contains
genes. b.Each gene contains many DNA
molecules. c.Each DNA molecule contains many
chromosomes. d.Each chromosome contains DNA
molecules.
77
Which of the following statements BEST explains
the relationship between the parts of genetic
materials? a. Each DNA molecule contains
genes. b.Each gene contains many DNA
molecules. c.Each DNA molecule contains many
chromosomes. d.Each chromosome contains DNA
molecules.
78
Which explanation below BEST explains why a
person may not be able to lift a wheelbarrow by
its handles? a. The effort force is too close to
the fulcrum. b. The resistance force is to close
to the fulcrum. c. The fulcrum is too large. d.
The effort force is greater than the resistance
force.
79
Which explanation below BEST explains why a
person may not be able to lift a wheelbarrow by
its handles? a. The effort force is too close to
the fulcrum. b. The resistance force is to close
to the fulcrum. c. The fulcrum is too large. d.
The effort force is greater than the resistance
force.
80
In what part of DNA is genetic information
located? a.. hydrogen bonds b. nucleotide
sequence c. sugar molecules d. enzymes
81
In what part of DNA is genetic information
located? a.. hydrogen bonds b. nucleotide
sequence c. sugar molecules d. enzymes
82
When DNA separate into two strands, the DNA would
most likely be directly involved in
a. replication b. fertilization c. differentiatio
n d. evolution
83
When DNA separate into two strands, the DNA would
most likely be directly involved in
a. replication b. fertilization c. differentiatio
n d. evolution
84
The weakest bonds in a double-stranded molecule
of deoxyribonucleic acid exists between the
a. deoxyribose sugars b. phosphate
groups c. nitrogenous bases d. 5-carbon sugars
85
The weakest bonds in a double-stranded molecule
of deoxyribonucleic acid exists between the
a. deoxyribose sugars b. phosphate
groups c. nitrogenous bases d. 5-carbon sugars
86
Watson and Cricks model of DNA resembles
a. interlocking gears b. a boat on a calm
lake c. a twisted ladder d. electric wires
87
Watson and Cricks model of DNA resembles
a. interlocking gears b. a boat on a calm
lake c. a twisted ladder d. electric wires
88
In what part of DNA is genetic information
located? a. Hydrogen bonds b. Nucleotide
sequence c. Sugar molecules d. Enzymes
89
In what part of DNA is genetic information
located? a. Hydrogen bonds b. Nucleotide
sequence c. Sugar molecules d. Enzymes
90
DNA that has been cut by enzymes can separate
into segments of different lengths during the
process of a. mitosis. b. electrophoresis. c. ge
ne amplification. d. cytokinesis.
91
DNA that has been cut by enzymes can separate
into segments of different lengths during the
process of a. mitosis. b. electrophoresis. c. ge
ne amplification. d. cytokinesis.
92
Unlike mitosis, meiosis occurs only
in a. reproductive cells. b. muscle
cells. c. connectice tissue cells. d. nerve cells.
93
Unlike mitosis, meiosis occurs only
in a. reproductive cells. b. muscle
cells. c. connectice tissue cells. d. nerve cells.
94
The leaf cells of the white oak (Quercus alba)
contain 24 chromosomes. After meosis is complete
how many chromosomes are in the new
cells? a. 12 b. 20 c. 24 d. 48
95
The leaf cells of the white oak (Quercus alba)
contain 24 chromosomes. After meosis is complete
how many chromosomes are in the new
cells? a. 12 b. 20 c. 24 d. 48
96

• Sexual reproduction in plants depends on sex
  cells being produces by the process of
• osmosis.
• fermentation.
• transpiration.
• meiosis.

97

• Sexual reproduction in plants depends on sex
  cells being produces by the process of
• osmosis.
• fermentation.
• transpiration.
• meiosis.

98
The diagram below shows a sea star in various
stages of regeneration. What cellular process is
directly responsible for this regeneration? a. mei
osis b. mitosis c. transpiration d. respiration
99
The diagram below shows a sea star in various
stages of regeneration. What cellular process is
directly responsible for this regeneration? a. mei
osis b. mitosis c. transpiration d. respiration
100
If an intestinal cell in a butterfly contains 24
chromosomes, a butterfly egg cell would
contain a. 3 chromosomes b. 6 chromosomes c. 12
chromosomes d. 24 chromosomes
101
If an intestinal cell in a butterfly contains 24
chromosomes, a butterfly egg cell would
contain a. 3 chromosomes b. 6 chromosomes c. 12
chromosomes d. 24 chromosomes
102
In fruit flies, the gene for red eye color (R) is
dominant to the gene for white eye color (r).
The trait is sex-liked. What would be the
genotype of a white-eyed female? a. XRXr b. XrXr c
. XRY d. XrY
103
In fruit flies, the gene for red eye color (R) is
dominant to the gene for white eye color (r).
The trait is sex-liked. What would be the
genotype of a white-eyed female? a. XRXr b. XrXr c
. XRY d. XrY
104
Meiosis results in greater genetic variation than
asexual reproduction because meiosis a. is a
lengthy process that produces many errors. b.
results in a greater number of offspring. c. is
more common in higher order species. d. allows
the recombination of genetic information.
105
Meiosis results in greater genetic variation than
asexual reproduction because meiosis a. is a
lengthy process that produces many errors. b.
results in a greater number of offspring. c. is
more common in higher order species. d. allows
the recombination of genetic information.
106
If a breeder wanted to figure out whether a black
rabbit was homozygous (BB) or heterozygous (Bb)
for coat color, which of the following rabbit
genotypes would be crossed with the black
rabbit? a. BB b. Bb c. Bb d. BbBb
107
If a breeder wanted to figure out whether a black
rabbit was homozygous (BB) or heterozygous (Bb)
for coat color, which of the following rabbit
genotypes would be crossed with the black
rabbit? a. BB b. Bb c. Bb d. BbBb
108
Which of the following is an example of
codominance in genetic traits? a. A tall pea
plant and a short pea plant produce tall pea
plants. b. An orange cat and a black cat produce
an orange-and-black kitten. c. A blue-eyed man
and a brown-eyed woman produce a blue-eyed
child. d. A color-blind woman and a man with
normal vision produce a color-blind son.
109
Which of the following is an example of
codominance in genetic traits? a. A tall pea
plant and a short pea plant produce tall pea
plants. b. An orange cat and a black cat produce
an orange-and-black kitten. c. A blue-eyed man
and a brown-eyed woman produce a blue-eyed
child. d. A color-blind woman and a man with
normal vision produce a color-blind son.
110
The number of chromosomes can be studied by
looking at a-- a. karyotype. b. pedigree
chart. c. genotype. d. punnett square.
111
The number of chromosomes can be studied by
looking at a-- a. karyotype. b. pedigree
chart. c. genotype. d. punnett square.
112
Humans may have type O, A, B, or AB blood. This
blood type is a trait determined by a. a double
crossover on the X chromosome. b. multiple
alleles. c. genes on the Y chromosome. d. three
homologous chromosomes.
113
Humans may have type O, A, B, or AB blood. This
blood type is a trait determined by a. a double
crossover on the X chromosome. b. multiple
alleles. c. genes on the Y chromosome. d. three
homologous chromosomes.
114
Two plants probably belong to the same species if
they a. have leaves that look alike. b. can
produce fertile offspring. c. have the same
number of cotyledons. d. develop the same type
of chlorophyll.
115
Two plants probably belong to the same species if
they a. have leaves that look alike. b. can
produce fertile offspring. c. have the same
number of cotyledons. d. develop the same type
of chlorophyll.
116
In which group would there be the greatest
similarity between members in terms of structure
and function? a. species b. genus c. kingdom
d. phylum
117
In which group would there be the greatest
similarity between members in terms of structure
and function? a. species b. genus c. kingdom
d. phylum
118
An organism is multicellular and autotrophic.
How would it be classified? a. Animalia b.
Fungi c. Plantae d. Eubacteria
119
An organism is multicellular and autotrophic.
How would it be classified? a. Animalia b.
Fungi c. Plantae d. Eubacteria
120
Which of these biological classification groups
has the fewest members? a. class b. genus c. speci
es d. family
121
Which of these biological classification groups
has the fewest members? a. class b. genus c. speci
es d. family
122
A red maple tree is known by the scientific name
Acer rubrum. The sugar maple is known as Acer
saccharum. What is the smallest classification
division these trees have in common? a. Phylum b.
Order c. Genus d. Species
123
A red maple tree is known by the scientific name
Acer rubrum. The sugar maple is known as Acer
saccharum. What is the smallest classification
division these trees have in common? a. Phylum b.
Order c. Genus d. Species
124
All of the animals in the phylum Vertebrata must
belong to the same a. family. b. genus. c. kingd
om. d. order.
125
All of the animals in the phylum Vertebrata must
belong to the same a. family. b. genus. c. kingd
om. d. order.
126
A mushroom, mildew and bread mold are all
classified in the same a. class. b. kingdom. c.
genus. d. species.
127
A mushroom, mildew and bread mold are all
classified in the same a. class. b. kingdom. c.
genus. d. species.
128
Which of the following cannot make their own
proteins and as a result requires a host cell? a.
Archaebacteria b. Viruses c. Eubacteria d.
Protozoans
129
Which of the following cannot make their own
proteins and as a result requires a host cell? a.
Archaebacteria b. Viruses c. Eubacteria d.
Protozoans
130
The illustration below shows part of the carbon
cycle. At position Y, carbon is most likely to be
in which of the following forms? a. protein b. car
bon solid c. carbohydrate d. carbon dioxide
131
The illustration below shows part of the carbon
cycle. At position Y, carbon is most likely to be
in which of the following forms? a. protein b. car
bon solid c. carbohydrate d. carbon dioxide
132
Legumes, such as clover and alfalfa, have nodules
on their roots that contain nitrogen-fixing
bacteria. These bacteria convert nitrogen gas
from the atmosphere into nitrates. Which of the
following best accounts for the presence of
nitrogen-fixing bacteria in legume root
nodules? a. Nitrates are a food source for
earthworms. b. Plants can use nitrates, but not
nitrogen gas. c. Nitrates are one of the
reactants in photosynthesis. d. Nitrogen gas is
toxic to most plants, but nitrates are nontoxic.
133
Legumes, such as clover and alfalfa, have nodules
on their roots that contain nitrogen-fixing
bacteria. These bacteria convert nitrogen gas
from the atmosphere into nitrates. Which of the
following best accounts for the presence of
nitrogen-fixing bacteria in legume root
nodules? a. Nitrates are a food source for
earthworms. b. Plants can use nitrates, but not
nitrogen gas. c. Nitrates are one of the
reactants in photosynthesis. d. Nitrogen gas is
toxic to most plants, but nitrates are nontoxic.
134
The nitrogen cycle is important to all living
things because nitrogen is found in which
molecules? a. saturated fats b. nucleic
acids c. starches d. sugars
135
The nitrogen cycle is important to all living
things because nitrogen is found in which
molecules? a. saturated fats b. nucleic
acids c. starches d. sugars
136
In an ecosystem, what happens to the atoms of
certain chemical elements such as carbon, oxygen,
and nitrogen? a. They move into and out of living
systems. b. They are never found in living
systems. c. They move out of living systems and
never return. d. They move into living systems
and remain there.
137
In an ecosystem, what happens to the atoms of
certain chemical elements such as carbon, oxygen,
and nitrogen? a. They move into and out of living
systems. b. They are never found in living
systems. c. They move out of living systems and
never return. d. They move into living systems
and remain there.
138
An ecosystem is represented below. This
ecosystem will be self-sustaining if a. the
organisms labeled A outnumber the organisms
labeled B b. the organisms labeled A are equal
in number to the organisms labeled B c. the type
of organisms represented by B are eliminated d.
materials cycle between the organisms labeled A
and the organisms labeled B
139
An ecosystem is represented below. This
ecosystem will be self-sustaining if a. the
organisms labeled A outnumber the organisms
labeled B b. the organisms labeled A are equal
in number to the organisms labeled B c. the type
of organisms represented by B are eliminated d.
materials cycle between the organisms labeled A
and the organisms labeled B
140
The FIRST evidence that nitrogen-fixing bacteria
populations have become too low in a terrestrial
biome would be a decline in the a. producer
populations. b. first-order consumer
populations. c. second-order consumer
populations. d. decomposer populations.
141
The FIRST evidence that nitrogen-fixing bacteria
populations have become too low in a terrestrial
biome would be a decline in the a. producer
populations. b. first-order consumer
populations. c. second-order consumer
populations. d. decomposer populations.
142
In an ecosystem, elements such as nitrogen and
carbon move between living things and the
environment. The conversion of these elements
are part of a. biogeochemical cycles. b. ecologic
al succession. c. energy pyramids. d. symbiotic
relationships.
143
In an ecosystem, elements such as nitrogen and
carbon move between living things and the
environment. The conversion of these elements
are part of a. biogeochemical cycles. b. ecologic
al succession. c. energy pyramids. d. symbiotic
relationships.
144
The process by which free nitrogen is returned to
the Earths atmosphere is called a. decomposition
. b. condensation. c. respiration. d. denitrificat
ion.
145
The process by which free nitrogen is returned to
the Earths atmosphere is called a. decomposition
. b. condensation. c. respiration. d. denitrificat
ion.
146
Usable nitrogen is released into soil from animal
wastes by the breakdown of a. plant
proteins b. water c. ammonia d. sugar molecules
147
Usable nitrogen is released into soil from animal
wastes by the breakdown of a. plant
proteins b. water c. ammonia d. sugar molecules
148
Oxygen is added to an ecosystem by a. cellular
respiration. b. photosynthesis. c. the nitrogen
cycle. d. dehydration.
149
Oxygen is added to an ecosystem by a. cellular
respiration. b. photosynthesis. c. the nitrogen
cycle. d. dehydration.
150
In a typical ecosystem, the biomass of carnivores
is a. usually greater than the biomass of
herbivores. b. usually less than the biomass of
herbivores. c. usually the same as the biomass of
herbivores. d. could be greater than or less than
the biomass of herbivores depending on the
ecosystem.
151
In a typical ecosystem, the biomass of carnivores
is a. usually greater than the biomass of
herbivores. b. usually less than the biomass of
herbivores. c. usually the same as the biomass of
herbivores. d. could be greater than or less than
the biomass of herbivores depending on the
ecosystem.
152
The little brown bat has populations in the
millions in some caves. These mammals consume
insects that are harmful to corn and cotton. It
is estimated that a community of a million bats
consumes 10 tons of insects each night. As the
population of bats increases, it would be
expected that crop production in the nearby area
would a. show a minimal response. b. remain
constant. c. be cut in half. d. steadily increase.
153
The little brown bat has populations in the
millions in some caves. These mammals consume
insects that are harmful to corn and cotton. It
is estimated that a community of a million bats
consumes 10 tons of insects each night. As the
population of bats increases, it would be
expected that crop production in the nearby area
would a. show a minimal response. b. remain
constant. c. be cut in half. d. steadily increase.
154
Because plants are able to undergo
photosynthesis, they do not a. require carbon
dioxide. b. store energy for later
use. c. undergo cellular respiration. d. depend
on other organisms for energy.
155
Because plants are able to undergo
photosynthesis, they do not a. require carbon
dioxide. b. store energy for later
use. c. undergo cellular respiration. d. depend
on other organisms for energy.
156
Energy stored in food is released when a.
chemical bonds are broken. b. atomic nuclei are
split. c. elements combine. d. electrons are
produced.
157
Energy stored in food is released when a.
chemical bonds are broken. b. atomic nuclei are
split. c. elements combine. d. electrons are
produced.
158
Which terms refers to the behavior of two species
attempting to use the same living space, food
source, and water source? a. saprophytic b. compet
itive c. predatory d. symbiotic
159
Which terms refers to the behavior of two species
attempting to use the same living space, food
source, and water source? a. saprophytic b. compet
itive c. predatory d. symbiotic
160
A certain species of bird eats insects off the
backs of cattle. If the relationship is
mutualistic, the individuals benefiting from the
relationship are a. only the birds. b. only the
cattle. c. neither the birds nor the
cattle. d. both the birds and the cattle.
161
A certain species of bird eats insects off the
backs of cattle. If the relationship is
mutualistic, the individuals benefiting from the
relationship are a. only the birds. b. only the
cattle. c. neither the birds nor the
cattle. d. both the birds and the cattle.
162
When brown tree snakes were first introduced to
the island of Guam, they had no natural
predators. These snakes sought out and ate many
of the eggs of insect-eating birds. What
probably occurred after the introduction of the
brown tree snakes? a. The bird population
increased. b. The insect population
increased. c. The bird population began to seek a
new food source. d. The insect population began
to seek a new food source.
163
When brown tree snakes were first introduced to
the island of Guam, they had no natural
predators. These snakes sought out and ate many
of the eggs of insect-eating birds. What
probably occurred after the introduction of the
brown tree snakes? a. The bird population
increased. b. The insect population
increased. c. The bird population began to seek a
new food source. d. The insect population began
to seek a new food source.
164
Members of the same species found in an ecosystem
are called a a. family. b. population. c. niche.
d. community.
165
Members of the same species found in an ecosystem
are called a a. family. b. population. c. niche.
d. community.
166
Highly social species of organisms benefit from
cooperative behavior in all of the following ways
EXCEPT by improving a. chances of surviving
environmental disasters. b. opportunities for
finding and obtaining food. c. modifications to
the environment. d. defensive tactics against
predators.
167
Highly social species of organisms benefit from
cooperative behavior in all of the following ways
EXCEPT by improving a. chances of surviving
environmental disasters. b. opportunities for
finding and obtaining food. c. modifications to
the environment. d. defensive tactics against
predators.
168
Members of the same species found in a ecosystem
are called a a. family. b. population. c. niche.
d. community.
169
Members of the same species found in a ecosystem
are called a a. family. b. population. c. niche.
d. community.
170
Dumping raw sewage into a river will lead to a
reduction in dissolved oxygen in the water. This
reduction will most likely cause a. an increase
in all fish populations. b. a decrease in most
aquatic animal populations. c. an increase in
depth of the water. d. a decrease in water
temperature.
171
Dumping raw sewage into a river will lead to a
reduction in dissolved oxygen in the water. This
reduction will most likely cause a. an increase
in all fish populations. b. a decrease in most
aquatic animal populations. c. an increase in
depth of the water. d. a decrease in water
temperature.
172
What is the major environmental factor limiting
the numbers of autotrophs at great depths in the
ocean? a. type of seafloor b. amount of
light c. availability of minerals d. absence of
biotic factors
173
What is the major environmental factor limiting
the numbers of autotrophs at great depths in the
ocean? a. type of seafloor b. amount of
light c. availability of minerals d. absence of
biotic factors
174
In a certain ecosystem, rattlesnakes are
predators of prairie dogs. If the prairie dog
population started to increase, how would the
ecosystem most likely regain stability? a. The
rattlesnake population would start to
decrease. b. The rattlesnake population would
start to increase. c. The prairie dog population
would increase rapidly. d. The prairie dog
population would begin to prey on the
rattlesnakes.
175
In a certain ecosystem, rattlesnakes are
predators of prairie dogs. If the prairie dog
population started to increase, how would the
ecosystem most likely regain stability? a. The
rattlesnake population would start to
decrease. b. The rattlesnake population would
start to increase. c. The prairie dog population
would increase rapidly. d. The prairie dog
population would begin to prey on the
rattlesnakes.
176
Which of these is a description of mutualism? a.
Both species exploit a common vital resource. b.
One species is more complex than the other. c.
Both species benefit from one another. d. Neither
species interacts with the other.
177
Which of these is a description of mutualism? a.
Both species exploit a common vital resource. b.
One species is more complex than the other. c.
Both species benefit from one another. d. Neither
species interacts with the other.
178
A certain species of bird eats insects off the
backs of cattle. If the relationship between the
birds and the cattle is mutualistic, then the
individuals benefiting from the relationship are
a. only the birds. b. only the
cattle. c. neither the birds nor the
cattle. d. both the birds and the cattle.
179
A certain species of bird eats insects off the
backs of cattle. If the relationship between the
birds and the cattle is mutualistic, then the
individuals benefiting from the relationship are
a. only the birds. b. only the
cattle. c. neither the birds nor the
cattle. d. both the birds and the cattle.
180
A rocky island appears as oceanic waters recede.
Which of the following forms of vegetation would
probably appear first on the bare
rocks? a. lichens b. weeds c. shrubs
d. pioneer trees
181
A rocky island appears as oceanic waters recede.
Which of the following forms of vegetation would
probably appear first on the bare
rocks? a. lichens b. weeds c. shrubs
d. pioneer trees
182
Over a period of 300 years, a mountain pond was
transformed into a forest. During this period,
several communities replaced existing
communities. Which of the following best
explains this occurrence? a. The water evaporates
and leaves soil for plants to grow. b. The water
evaporates and then precipitates back into the
lake. c. Primary succession d. Secondary
succession
183
Over a period of 300 years, a mountain pond was
transformed into a forest. During this period,
several communities replaced existing
communities. Which of the following best
explains this occurrence? a. The water evaporates
and leaves soil for plants to grow. b. The water
evaporates and then precipitates back into the
lake. c. Primary succession d. Secondary
succession
184
An environment can support only as many organisms
as the available energy, minerals, and oxygen
will allow. Which term is best described by this
statement? a. biological feedback b. carrying
capacity c. homeostatic control d. biological
diversity
185
An environment can support only as many organisms
as the available energy, minerals, and oxygen
will allow. Which term is best described by this
statement? a. biological feedback b. carrying
capacity c. homeostatic control d. biological
diversity
186
Which statement below
best explains what is
occurring during section II
in the population graph? a. The population is
at its carrying capacity. b.
The population is affected by density-dependent
factors. c. The population is smaller than the
carrying capacity. d. The birth rate is exceeding
the death rate.
187
Which statement below
best explains what is
occurring during section II
in the population graph? a. The population is
at its carrying capacity. b.
The population is affected by density-dependent
factors. c. The population is smaller than the
carrying capacity. d. The birth rate is exceeding
the death rate.
188
What does the process of photosynthesis
produce? a. starch, which is metabolized into
less complex molecules by dehydration synthesis
b. protein, which is metabolized into less
complex molecules by dehydration synthesis
c. glycerol, which is metabolized into more
complex carbohydrates by dehydration synthesis
d. glucose, which is metabolized into more
complex carbohydrates by dehydration synthesis
189
What does the process of photosynthesis
produce? a. starch, which is metabolized into
less complex molecules by dehydration synthesis
b. protein, which is metabolized into less
complex molecules by dehydration synthesis
c. glycerol, which is metabolized into more
complex carbohydrates by dehydration synthesis
d. glucose, which is metabolized into more
complex carbohydrates by dehydration synthesis
190
The process of photosynthesis produces sugar,
water and a. hydrogen gas. b. nitrogen dioxide
gas. c. carbon dioxide gas. d. oxygen gas.
191
The process of photosynthesis produces sugar,
water and a. hydrogen gas. b. nitrogen dioxide
gas. c. carbon dioxide gas. d. oxygen gas.
192
In the process of photosynthesis, chlorophyll
serves as a. an end-product. b. a raw
material. c. an energy converter. d. a hydrogen
acceptor.
193
In the process of photosynthesis, chlorophyll
serves as a. an end-product. b. a raw
material. c. an energy converter. d. a hydrogen
acceptor.
194
As respiration begins, glucose is broken down
into pyruvic acid and two molecules of ATP are
formed. What will happen next in yeast cells if
NO oxygen is available? a. Krebs
cycle b. photosynthesis c. alcoholic
fermentation d. lactic acid fermentation
195
As respiration begins, glucose is broken down
into pyruvic acid and two molecules of ATP are
formed. What will happen next in yeast cells if
NO oxygen is available? a. Krebs
cycle b. photosynthesis c. alcoholic
fermentation d. lactic acid fermentation
196
In humans, which substance is produced
anaerobically during strenuous activity? a. lactic
acid b. glycogen c. carbon dioxide d. alcohol
197
In humans, which substance is produced
anaerobically during strenuous activity? a. lactic
acid b. glycogen c. carbon dioxide d. alcohol
198

• The fermentation of glucose by yeast normally
  yields what?
• a. lactic acid, CO2, and 2 ATP
• . alcohol, CO2, and 36 ATP
• . alcohol, CO2, and 2 ATP
• . CO2, H20, and 36 ATP

199

• The fermentation of glucose by yeast normally
  yields what?
• a. lactic acid, CO2, and 2 ATP
• . alcohol, CO2, and 36 ATP
• . alcohol, CO2, and 2 ATP
• . CO2, H20, and 36 ATP

200
Which of the following is needed to transfer and
release energy? a. calcium b. phosphate c. nitrate
d. potassium
201
Which of the following is needed to transfer and
release energy? a. calcium b. phosphate c. nitrate
d. potassium
202
Energy stored in food is released when
a. chemical bonds are broken. b. atomic nuclei
are split c. elements combine. d. electrons are
produced.
203
Energy stored in food is released when
a. chemical bonds are broken. b. atomic nuclei
are split c. elements combine. d. electrons are
produced.
204
Which of the following provides energy for
metabolic reactions within living
systems? a. proteins b. ATP c. lipids d. carbohydr
ates
205
Which of the following provides energy for
metabolic reactions within living
systems? a. proteins b. ATP c. lipids d. carbohydr
ates
206
To remain healthy, organisms must be able to
obtain materials, change the materials, move the
materials around, and get rid of waste. These
activities directly require a. energy from
ATP b. the replication of DNA c. nutrients from
inorganic sources d. manipulation of altered genes
207
To remain healthy, organisms must be able to
obtain materials, change the materials, move the
materials around, and get rid of waste. These
activities directly require a. energy from
ATP b. the replication of DNA c. nutrients from
inorganic sources d. manipulation of altered genes
208
The energy an organism requires to transport
materials and eliminate wastes is obtained
directly from a. DNA b. starch
c. hormones d. ATP
209
The energy an organism requires to transport
materials and eliminate wastes is obtained
directly from a. DNA b. starch
c. hormones d. ATP
210
Which ecosystem has a better chance of surviving
when environmental conditions change over a long
period of time? a. one with a great deal of
genetic diversity b. one with plants and animals
but no bacteria c. one with animals and bacteria
but no plants d. one with little or no genetic
diversity
211
Which ecosystem has a better chance of surviving
when environmental conditions change over a long
period of time? a. one with a great deal of
genetic diversity b. one with plants and animals
but no bacteria c. one with animals and bacteria
but no plants d. one with little or no genetic
diversity
212
A disaccharide comes into contact with a
substance and then is broken down into two
monosaccharides. The substance binds with the
disaccharide but is not changed or used in the
reaction. The mystery substance is
probably a. an enzyme. b. water. c. ATP. d. oxyge
n.
213
A disaccharide comes into contact with a
substance and then is broken down into two
monosaccharides. The substance binds with the
disaccharide but is not changed or used in the
reaction. The mystery substance is
probably a. an enzyme. b. water. c. ATP. d. oxyge
n.
214
Under what conditions will a substance be likely
to enter a cell through diffusion? a. when the
substance is a particle of food b. when a
molecule of the substance is very large c. when
the concentration of the substance is greater
outside the cell than inside d. when the
concentration of the substance is greater inside
the cell than outside
215
Under what conditions will a substance be likely
to enter a cell through diffusion? a. when the
substance is a particle of food b. when a
molecule of the substance is very large c. when
the concentration of the substance is greater
outside the cell than inside d. when the
concentration of the substance is greater inside
the cell than outside
216
During a race, the body temperature of a runner
increases. The runner responds by perspiring,
which lowers body temperature. This process is an
example of a. maintenance of homeostasis.
b. an antigen-antibody reaction. c. an acquired
characteristic. d. environmental factors
affecting phenotype.
217
During a race, the body temperature of a runner
increases. The runner responds by perspiring,
which lowers body temperature. This process is an
example of a. maintenance of homeostasis.
b. an antigen-antibody reaction. c. an acquired
characteristic. d. environmental factors
affecting phenotype.
218
What usually results when an organism fails to
maintain homeostasis? a. Growth rates within
organs become equal. b. The organism becomes ill
or may die. c. A constant sugar supply for the
cells is produced. d. The water balance in the
tissues of the organism stabilizes.
219
What usually results when an organism fails to
maintain homeostasis? a. Growth rates within
organs become equal. b. The organism becomes ill
or may die. c. A constant sugar supply for the
cells is produced. d. The water balance in the
tissues of the organism stabilizes.
220
Which structures in a human transmits
electrochemical messages? a. veins b. lymphocytes
c. neurons d. nephrons
221
Which structures in a human transmits
electrochemical messages? a. veins b. lymphocytes
c. neurons d. nephrons
222
Structure X is most likely a. a sensory
nerve b. an effector c. a ganglion d. a tympanum
223
Structure X is most likely a. a sensory
nerve b. an effector c. a ganglion d. a tympanum
224
The part of the human central nervous system that
conducts impulses from the brain to the
peripheral nervous system is protected by the
a. vertebrae. b. effectors. c. receptors. d. glo
meruli.
225
The part of the human central nervous system that
conducts impulses from the brain to the
peripheral nervous system is protected by the
a. vertebrae. b. effectors. c. receptors. d. glo
meruli.
226
Effectors are best described as a. organs that
interpret stimuli. b. structures that respond to
stimuli. c. tissues that initiate
stimuli. d. cells that transmit stimuli.
227
Effectors are best described as a. organs that
interpret stimuli. b. structures that respond to
stimuli. c. tissues that initiate
stimuli. d. cells that transmit stimuli.
228
A change in the external environment that
initiates an impulse is known as a
a. synapse. b. response. c. stimulus. d. recepto
r.
229
A change in the external environment that
initiates an impulse is known as a
a. synapse. b. response. c. stimulus. d. recepto
r.
230
In humans, one function of an interneuron is to
relay impulses directly from a. receptors to
the brain. b. receptors to other
receptors. c. motor neurons to receptors. d. a
sensory neuron to a motor neuron.
231
In humans, one function of an interneuron is to
relay impulses directly from a. receptors to
the brain. b. receptors to other
receptors. c. motor neurons to receptors. d. a
sensory neuron to a motor neuron.
232
An example of a reaction to a stimulus is a. a
boy smelling a flower. b. eyes blinking due to
smoke in the air. c. a person tapping on the
shoulder of a friend. d. a loud clap of thunder
following lightning.
233
An example of a reaction to a stimulus is a. a
boy smelling a flower. b. eyes blinking due to
smoke in the air. c. a person tapping on the
shoulder of a friend. d. a loud clap of thunder
following lightning.
234
A student accidentally places her hand on a tack
and quickly pulls her hand away. The tack
represents a. a stimulus. b. an impulse. c. a
response. d. an effector.
235
A student accidentally places her hand on a tack
and quickly pulls her hand away. The tack
represents a. a stimulus. b. an impulse. c. a
response. d. an effector.
236
When a certain plant is without water for an
extended period of time, guard cells close
openings in the leaves of the plant. This
activity conserves water and illustrates
a. cellular communication involving the action
of nerve cells and receptor sites. b. an increase
in rate of growth due to a low concentration of
water. c. maintenance of dynamic equilibrium
through detection and response to stimuli. d. a
response to one biotic factor in the environment.
237
When a certain plant is without water for an
extended period of time, guard cells close
openings in the leaves of the plant. This
activity conserves water and illustrates
a. cellular communication involving the action
of nerve cells and receptor sites. b. an increase
in rate of growth due to a low concentration of
water. c. maintenance of dynamic equilibrium
through detection and response to stimuli. d. a
response to one biotic factor in the environment.
238
When a duck dives into cold water, the
capillaries in its skin constrict and move deeper
below the surface of the skin. This reaction is
an example of a. homeostasis. b. synthesis. c. r
espiration. d. excretion.
239
When a duck dives into cold water, the
capillaries in its skin constrict and move deeper
below the surface of the skin. This reaction is
an example of a. homeostasis. b. synthesis. c. r
espiration. d. excretion.
240
Which of the following is true of
hormones? Their levels are constant. They are
an energy source. They are an oxygen
source. They may be produced in one part of an
organism and have an effect in another part of
the organism.
241
Which of the following is true of hormones? a.
Their levels are constant. b. They are an energy
source. c. They are an oxygen source. d. They
may be produced in one part of an organism and
have an effect in another part of the organism.
242
As a classroom project, a science class raised a
spider in an enclosure by itself. Despite being
alone, the spider spun a web similar to webs spun
by other spiders of its species. The spiders
ability to spin a web is an example of
a. innate behavior. b. camouflage. c. learn
ed behavior. d. mimicry.
243
As a classroom project, a science class raised a
spider in an enclosure by itself. Despite being
alone, the spider spun a web similar to webs spun
by other spiders of its species. The spiders
ability to spin a web is an example of
a. innate behavior.