Classification

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Classification

• EQ How do scientists classify organisms?

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Ch. 17Classification

• Taxonomy Notes

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Vocabulary Some are on your vocab list, some
are notknow them all!

• Taxonomy
• Binomial nomenclature
• Taxon
• Evolutionary classification
• Domain
• Dichotomous key
• Division

• Kingdom
• Phylum
• Class
• Order
• Family
• Genus
• species

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Why Classify?

• Biologists have identified and named about 1.5
  million species.
• Estimated that there are still 2-100 million
  left!
• Classification helps name and group organisms in
  a logical manner.

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Carl Linnaeus

• Swedish botanist who developed a two-word naming
  system called binomial nomenclature.
• Scientific names are in Latin
• Written in italics
• First word (genus) is capitalized, second word is
  lower-case.
• Second part (species) of name describes important
  trait or region to which the organism lives.
• I.e Ursus maritimus is a polar bear.

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Linnaeus developed the scientific naming system
still used today.

• Taxonomy is the science of naming and classifying
  organisms.

White oakQuercus alba

• A taxon is a group of organisms in a
  classification system.

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The 7 taxonomic categories are(from largest to
smallest)

• 1. Kingdom
• 2. Phylum
• 3. Class
• 4. Order
• 5. Family
• 6. Genus
• 7. Species

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Linnaeus classification system has seven levels.

• Each level is included in the level above it.

• Levels get increasingly specific from kingdom to
  species.

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• Binomial nomenclature is a two-part scientific
  naming system.

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• A genus includes one or more physically
• similar species.

• Genus name is always capitalized.
• A species descriptor is the second part of a
  scientific name.
• always lowercase
• always follows genusname never written alone
• Species in the same genus are
• thought to be closely related.

Tyto alba
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Correct the following scientific namechaos
chaos

• Chaos chaos or Chaos chaos
• This is the scientific name for a species of
  amoeba (protist).

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• Scientific names help scientists to communicate.

• Some species have very similar common names.
• Some species have many common names.

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The Linnaean classification system has
limitations.

• Linnaeus taxonomy doesnt account for molecular
  evidence.
• The technology didnt exist during Linneaus
  time.
• Linnaean system based only on physical
  similarities.

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• Physical similarities are not always the result
  of close relationships.

• Genetic similarities more accurately show
  evolutionary relationships.

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Cladogram

• A diagram that shows the evolutionary
  relationships among a group of organisms (p. 422)
• Organisms are also classified according to
  similarities at the molecular level.
• Ex African and American vultures used to be
  classified together in the falcon family. DNA
  shows that American vultures are more closely
  related to storks.

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The 6 Kingdoms

• 1. Archaebacteria
• 2. Eubacteria
• 3. Protista
• 4. Fungi
• 5. Plantae
• 6. Animalia

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A word on singular and plural endings

• Ends in um- usually means one
• Ends in a or ae- usually means more than one.

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Kingdom Archaebacteria

• Unicellular prokaryotes
• Waste products flammable (methane)
• Harsh environments
• ancient

Morning Glory Pool, a hot spring in Yellowstone
National Park
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Kingdom Eubacteria

• Unicellular prokaryotes
• Most of the bacteria that affect your life.

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Kingdom Protista

• Eukaryotic organisms
• Great variety
• Most single-celled, some multi-
• cellular
• Photosynthesis or heterotrophs.

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Kingdom Fungi

• Heterotrophs
• Decomposers
• Most multi-cellular, yeast are one-celled

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Kingdom Plantae

• Multicellular
• Photosynthetic autotrophs
• Non-motile
• Cell walls with cellulose

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Kingdom Animalia

• Multicellular and heterotrophic
• No cell walls
• Motile at least some part of their life.
• Great diversity.