Prsentation PowerPoint

1
Autonomous wireless sensor networks Technology
trends Opportunities for security applications
2
Outline

• Silicon technology trends
• Functional blocks of wireless sensors
• Enabling technologies
• Sensors sensor interfaces
• Data transmissions
• Energy management
• Applications
• Conclusions

3
Trends of silicon industry

• Collective manufacturing Non Recurring
  Investments costs spread over many components

Génération i-1
Génération i
Génération i1

• Low voltage sources join circuit VDD roadmap

• Power consumption decreases

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Autonomous Wireless sensors

• actuation/sensing
• wireless connectivity
• embedded intelligence
• energy management

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Sensors

• Humidity

• Pressure sensor

• Accelerometer

• Temp
• Force
• Chemical
• Bio

• Magnetometer

• Gyroscope

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Nanosensors
Rationale reduce size of sensors to reach
drastic cost reduction
600 µm
10 µm
300 µm
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Low cost technologies trends
. Microelectronics vs Macroelectronics
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Micro and Nano systems for smart proprioceptive
materials
Sensing the naturalness

• Materials that know their own shape
• densely embedded micro or nano  geometry 
  sensor inside the materials,
• medical, aeronautic, multimedia, do it
  yourself applications.

clic for video

• Materials that can sense  touch 
• micro arrays of 3D force sensors,
• textiles, paper, cosmetics, emotional interface.

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Wireless communications standards
Distance
Graphics
HiFi Audio
Digital Video
Multi-channel Video
Text
Internet
Video streaming
100 km
802.16 WI-Max
GSM/CDMA
GPRS/3G
LMDS
10 km
WAN
1 km
802.11.a/b/g Wi-Fi/HL
100 m
LAN
802.15.4 Zigbee, UWB
10 m
802.15.1 Bluetooth
802.15.3 UWB
PAN
1 m
BAN
10 kbits/s
100 kbits/s
1Mbits/s
10 Mbits/s
100 Mbits/s
Débit
10
Contactless links (RFID)
POWER

• Inductive coupling
• Magnetic field (Near field) at 13,56 MHz
• Antenna Bobine

2 fonctions élémentaires 1- Power Transfer
2- Bi-directional data transfer
DATA
POWER

• Electrical coupling
• Electric field (Far field) at 868 MHz, 2,45 GHz
• Antenna planar or filaire ou planaire

DATA

• Fe 200Hz, SD 14 bits
• Capacitive Pressure Sensor from Tronics
• Miniaturized Antennae

• Challenges
• Performance antenna, reading distance
• complex functions (sensing tags)

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Energy Issues for Smart Devices

• Energy Scavenging the tap
• Energy Storage the tank
• Energy Management the  flavor , the  shape 

T0
T1
T2
Tn

• Fundamentals for the analysis
• Duty cycle
• Overall needs over lifetime
• Requirements of each functions

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Energy Scavenging, Energy Storage mgt

• Taking advantage of locally available energy
• EM (Inductive coupling, wireless emitters)
• Mechanical (vibrations)
• Solar
• Storing it
• Batteries
• Managing this
• energy

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Energy sources
Récupération dénergie
Sources dénergie
Micropiles à combustible
Source MIT Medialab
Accumulateurs Li Ion
Thickness 10 µm Surfacic capacity 100
µAh/cm² Discharge peak current 500 µA/cm² to 1
mA/cm2
1,3 mV, 3V, 0,8 Hz
Source DTS GmbH
58 cm, 200 mA, 0,5 mV
10 µW, 1-5 V, ?T20K
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Applications mobile terminals
MIMOSA

• MIMOSA vision the mobile terminal serves as a
  user interface to ambient intelligence and as a
  gateway between local (sensor) information and
  global mobile services
• The architecture is open for development of
  different vertical applications (well-being,
  health, home automation, etc.)
• 15 partners, 6 countries
• ST Microelectronics
• Nokia
• Legrand
• Suunto
• Sonion

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Applications transports

• health monitoring (P,T, HUM, VIB)

• Accelerometers

Source EADS

• tire pressure sensors

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Applications Industry

• Reduce cost of cabling (power data)
• 750 for the vibration sensors, 250 for the
  motes
• VS conventional equipment would cost about 8,000
  per machine
• Intel
• For example, to install a wireless sensor in an
  oil refinery, based on the ZigBee protocol, might
  cost 10 whereas installing wiring would cost
  1,000
•  Machine design  Lauren Gibbons Paul
• Expected functionalities
• Predictive maintenance
• Machine control
• Flexible manufacturing floor control

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Applications environment security

• Industrial plants

• forest fire detection

• structural health monitoring

• Parasits in homes forests

• Homeland security

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Medea SWANS
Silicon Platform for Wireless Advanced Networks
of sensors Main goal to develop generic
silicon blocks for future autonomous sensors
Homeland security
Automotive aeronautics
Automotive aeronautics
Healthcare Fitness
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Medea SWANS
Leti contributions - low power wireless links
(UWB, zigbee) for aeronautics and homeland
security - Implementation of data fusion
algorithms for motion capture on low power DSP
platform - Ultra low power micro sensor
interfaces - Power management
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Applications sécurité ALVA

• Technique radio Ultra Large Bande
• transmission
• localisation

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Conclusions

• long term vision
• requirement of end user involvement
• relevance of system approach and
  multidisciplinarity
• shift of paradigm thanks to large scale
  availability
• of ultra low cost sensors