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Astrid Erll (Gießen) Master Class Concepts of
Cultural Memory Studies
(1) What is Cultural Memory Studies /
Collective Memory?
(2) Integrative Models of Collective Memory
Using Concepts from Psychology and Media Theory
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art studies
history
sociology
literary studies
Cultural Memory Studies
neurosciences
social psychology
media theory
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art studies
social memory / pathos formula (Warburg)
history
sociology
invention of tradition (Hobsbawm) lieux de
mémoire (Nora)
mémoire collective (Halbwachs)
memoria (Oexle)
literary studies
social memory studies (Olick)
ars memoriae (Yates)
Cultural Memory Studies
intertextuality as the memory of literature
(Lachmann)
neurosciences
the cultural brain (Welzer/Markowitsch)
mimesis of memory
social psychology
media theory
( anthropology cultural history)
communicative memory (Welzer)
Cultural Memory vs. Communicative Memory
(Aleida und Jan Assmann)
episodic, semantic, procedural collective memory
(Hirst et al.)
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collective memory
collected memory
collective memory
Two radically different concepts of culture are
involved here, one that sees culture as a
subjective category of meanings contained in
peoples minds versus one that sees culture as
patterns of publicly available symbols
objectified in society. (Olick 1999 336)
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collective memory
metaphor collective memory
metonymy collective memory
collected memory
collective memory
individual remembering in a socio-cultural
context
symbolic order, media and institutions of a
community which establish versions of its past
(its memory)
cognitive systems
social systems
see - oral history - social psychology -
neurosciences

• see
• sociology
• history
• - cultural studies

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collective memory
shaping
collective memory
collected memory
actualization
1. role of individual memory processes
2. role of media
cadres sociaux (Halbwachs) gt cadres médiaux
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Psychological approaches to collective
(collected) memory

• Frederick Bartlett Remembering (1932) gt
  culture-specific schemata

• ecological approaches gt encoding and recall
  shaped by contextual factors

• discourse-oriented approaches gt dynamics of
  conversational remembering

• narrative psychology gt narrative patterns of
  remembering

• (incoherent) experience
• gt (culturally available patterns of)
  narration
• gt autobiographical memory
• gt identity

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Integrative models of collective memory
e.g. neurocultural approaches
Welzer/Markowitsch Plastizität des Gehirns
Der Befund, dass weite Bereiche der Entwicklung
der neuronalen Verschaltungsmuster und
entscheidende Phasen der organischen Hirnreifung
nachgeburtlich, also unter sozialen und
kulturellen Einflüssen geformt werden, markiert
aus unserer Sicht eine zentrale Schnittstelle
sozial- und naturwissenschaftlicher Erinnerungs-
und Gedächtnisforschung. (Welzer/Markowitsch
2001 206)
gt social/cultural brain
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Integrative models of collective memory
psychology and media theory
media of collective memory
as collected memory
semantic memory
individual actualization of knowledge about the
past (we did not witness)
(e.g. the Earth is round)
gt knowing
(1) media of storage (e.g. holy texts)
(2) media of circulation (e.g. newspaper articles)
(3) medial cues (e.g. lieux de mémoire)
pre-formation
cadres médiaux
as collected memory
episodic memory
memories of a past we did witness
(e.g. my first day at school)
gt remembering
re-shaping
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Harald Welzer Das kommunikative Gedächtnis. Eine
Theorie der Erinnerung (2002)
Harald Welzer Das kommunikative Gedächtnis
(2002 186) It is probable that we all have
added elements and episodes to our life stories
which other persons fictive and real have
experienced, and not we ourselves.
Why should I kill him? Screenshot from All
Quiet on the Western Front (USA 1930)
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cadres médiaux
transmedial schemata (icons, narratives, topoi
circulating in a memory/media culture)
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collective memory
media
shaping
collective memory
collected memory
actualization
medial externalisation
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Cultural memory studies as media studies Fields
of research

• the role of mass media in processes of
  collective remembering

• modes of media-reception and attention
  economics

• transmedial processes topisation, iconisation,
  narrativisation in memory cultures

• intermedial processes of collective remembering

• plurimedial constellations in memory cultures

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