Mycology

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Mycology

• Mycota or mycetes fungi
• -ology study of
• - ist one who studies
• The worlds largest organism
• fungus

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Shared Properties

• Eukaryotic
• Multicellular
• Heterotrophic absorption

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Basic Structure

• Hyphae threadlike filaments
• Mycelium mass of hyphe
• Cell walls chitin
• Septa partitions between cells

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Modes of Nutrition

• Heterotrophs
• Absorption
• Dead material
• Live material
• - harmful
• - mutually beneficial

• Depend on others
• External digestion
• Decomposers saprophytes or saprobes
• Diseases or predators
• Symbiosis lichens mycorrhizae

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Reproduction

• Asexual
• - spores
• Sexual
• Structures and methods

• 1 parent identical offspring most used method
• Single reproductive cell hitch hikers
  drifters shot out
• 2 parents new gene combinations
• Used to classify

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5 Phyla
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1. Chytrids

• New classification
• Live in water or moist environments
• Swimming spores
• May be decomposers or parasites on water plants
  and animals

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2. Zygomycota

• Zygote fertilized egg
• Decomposers
• Rhizopus sp. bread mold
• Mold any fungi in its asexual stage

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Bread Mold a Zygomycete Fungi
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Zygomycota common molds
The fungal mass of hyphae, known as the MYCELIUM
penetrates the bread and produces the fruiting
bodies on top of the stalks
Mycelia a mass of hyphae or filaments
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Rhizoids root-like hyphae The zhizoids meet
underground and mating occurs between hyphae of
different molds (SEXUAL REPRODUCTION)
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3. Ascomycota

• Cup shaped reproductive structures
• Yeast unicellular exception

Morel Fruiting Bodies
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Cup Fungi Ascomycete Fungi
Note the cup shapes and orange peel colour
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Morels are Ascomycete Fungi
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Truffles are round, warty, fungi that are
irregular in shape. They vary from the size of a
walnut to that of a man's fist. Since the times
of the Greeks and Romans these fungi have been
used in Europe as delicacies, as aphrodisiacs,
and as medicines. They are among the most
expensive of the world's natural foods, often
commanding as much as 250 to 450 per pound.
Truffles are harvested in Europe with the aid of
female pigs or truffle dogs, which are able to
detect the strong smell of mature truffles
underneath the surface of the ground. The female
pig becomes excited when she sniffs a chemical
that is similar to the male swine sex attractant.
The use of dogs to find truffles is also and
option.
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Club Fungi
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4. Basidiomycota club fungi

• Club-shaped reproductive structure
• Many common examples mushrooms, puffballs,
  shelf fungi

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Mushrooms
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Bracket Fungi
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Other Basidiomycetes - Rusts and Smuts
Rust infecting wheat leaves
Whitrot Smut digesting old wood
Rust infecting a Leaf
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Basidiomycete Reproduction
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5. Deuteromycota - (Imperfect Fungi)
-Regarded as imperfect because no sexual stage
has been observed in their life cycle
-Members are not closely related and are not
necessarily similar in structure or appearance
do not share a common ancestry
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Fungal Relationships

• Lichens - mutualistic symbiotic organisms. There
  are three lichen growth forms which are
  predominant in nature

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Fruticose
Crustose
Foliose
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2. Mycorrhizae
Mycorrhizae means fungus-root mutualistic
relationship between plant and fungi
The plant photosynthesizes while the fungus more
efficiently takes up nutrients and water than the
roots would alone.
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Mycorrhizae Fungi / Roots
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Fungi and Humans

• Harmful

• Useful

• Diseases
• Toxins

• Antibiotics
• Foods
• Pizza
• Beer, wine
• Bread
• Truffles
• Pigs
• 1,500 lb.