Prezentace aplikace PowerPoint

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IMMUNE SYSTEM MODULATION
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immunomodulation therapeutic
manipulation with the immune system
immunopotentiation
enhancement (optimalisation) of the
immune response immunisation passive
active to prevent infection
therapeutic administration of immunomodulators
IMMUNE SYSTEM MODULATION
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IMMUNE SYSTEM MODULATION
immunopotentiation
local systemic mucosal  
immunosubstitution
administration of intravenous immunoglobulins
(IVIGs) agammaglobulinemia, hypogammaglobulinemi
a immunorestauration bone
marrow transplantation  
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IMMUNOPOTENTIATING AGENTS
nutrition elements
immunomodulators of microbial origin
whole bacterial cells (BCG)
immunotherapy of adenoca of urine
vesicle bacterial lysates
mixture of undefined (or semidefined)
bacterial
compounds treatment of chronic respiratory
and urinary infections
(bronchovaxom, etc.) mechanisms of action
activation of macrophages active
immunisation
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chemical immunomodulators stimulation of T
cell immunity antiviral and anticancer
activity levamisol, isoprinosine   thymic
hormons stimulation of T cell
immunity thymosin   recombinant
cytokines produced by biotechnology in
recombinant form rCSF stimulation of myeloid
cells differentiation (leukopenic
patients) recombinant interferons antiviral and
antitumor effects recombinant interleukins rIL-2
(antitumor effect)
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CONCLUSIONS
laboratory evidence of defect is
recommended immediate risk of administration is
low risk of late autoimmune immunopathological di
seases could be acknownledged  
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IMMUNOSUPPRESSION 
- to downmodulate inappropriate immune
reactions - to downmodulate autoimmune
immunopathological reactivity - numerous side
effects of immunosuppression - development of
more selective drugs
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• non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs
• inhibition of cyclooxigenase (COX) catalysing
  metabolism
• of arachidonic acide
• - decreased production of prostaglandins and
  leukotriens
• - acetylosalic acid, numerous other drugs
• - COX2 inducible enzyme
• inflammatory response
• new inhibitors without side effect

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• 2) glucocorticoids
• - the most useful antiinflammatory and
  immunosuppressive drugs
• - lipophilic compounds difusion into the cell
• - cytoplasmic receptor
• - translocation into nucleus
• - serves as transcription factors (GRE
  glucocorticoid response elements)
• inhibition of transcription of proinflammatory
  cytokines genes
• (IL-1, TNF?, IL-6)
• - induction of lipocortins which inhibit
  phospholipase A2
• - induction of apoptosis of lymphocytes
• - inhibition of T cell functions
• - downmodulation of proinflammatory cytokines
• - inhibition of granulocyte functions

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• 3) chemotherapeutics
• - action on the level of DNA
• - antiproliferative effect
• - cytotoxic effect
• antimetabolits
• metothrexate, asathioprine
• b) mitotic drugs
• colchicine
• c) alkylating drugs
• cyclophosphamide
• inhibition of
  autoantibodies production
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4) selective immunosupresive drugs of biological
origin a) ciclosporin A, FK-506 lipophilic
compounds, diffusion through cell
membrane intracellular receptors
(immunophilins) inhibition of NF-AT
transcription factor inhibition of IL-2
transcription selective inhibition of CD4 T
cells immunosuppression after
transplantation modulation of
immunopathological inflammatory response b)
rapamycin inhibition of signalling from
receptors for cytokines c) antilymphocyte
immunoglobulins polyclonal antiserum raised in
animals directed against T cells
treatment of acute rejection
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d) monoclonal antibodies directed against
functionally important molecules on
leukocytes originally of mouse origin
(development of xenoantibodies) chimeric
antibodies (Fc fragment is of human
origin) humanized antibodies (only
antigen-binding sites are of mouse
origin) antibodies against CD3, CD4, IL-2R,
others immunosuppression after transplantation sel
ective treatment of autoimmune immunopathological
inflammation antibodies against cytokines
inhibition of cytokine
action (TNF?)  
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• Conclusion
• numerous drugs with antiinflammatory
• and immunosuppressive activities are in
  development
• very promising target is chemokine network
• the need for more selective and potent
• antiinflammatory drugs
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