CARDIOVASCULAR ANATOMY AND FUNCTION

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CARDIOVASCULAR ANATOMY AND FUNCTION
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Major Cardiovascular Functions
w Delivery
w Removal
w Transport
w Maintenance
w Prevention
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BLOOD FLOW THROUGH THE HEART

• After blood has left the lungs, which chamber of
  the heart does it enter?
• Where does the left ventricle pump blood to?
• Which chamber of the heart does blood return to
  that has been through the systemic system?

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Cardiovascular System

• Pulmonary Circuit
• To the lungs and back
• Systemic Circuit
• To the rest of the body and back

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THE HEART
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THE CHAMBERS OF THE HEART
w The atria are smaller than the ventricles
w Why is the left ventricle thicker than the
right ventricle?
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INTERCALATED DISKS

• What are intercalated disks and what is their
  function?

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THE INTRINSIC CONDUCTION SYSTEM
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THE INTRINSIC CONDUCTION SYSTEM

• What is the function of the SA node?
• What is the function of the AV node?
• The AV bundle (bundle of His)?
• Bundle branches right and left?
• Purkinje fibers?

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Electrocardiogram (ECG)
w Depolarization and Repolarization. What are
they?
w Electrical activity of the heart increases
during both
w The P wave?
w The QRS complex?
w The T wave?
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PHASES OF THE RESTING ECG
Atrial repolarization
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PHASES OF THE RESTING ECG
P
QRS
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CONTROL OF THE HEART
w Parasympathetic Nervous System.
w Sympathetic Nervous System.
w Epinephrine and norepinephrine.
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CARDIAC TERMS

• Heart Rate (40 million beats per year)
• Bradycardia
• Tachycardia
• Stroke Volume
• Cardiac Output (1,400 gallons a day)
• Cardiac Cycle (next slide)

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CARDIAC CYCLE
w Events that occur between two consecutive
heartbeats (systole to systole)
w Systole?
w Diastole?
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THE VASCULAR SYSTEM
w Arteries
w Arterioles
w Capillaries
w Venules
w Veins
100,000 miles of blood vessels
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ARTERIES
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ARTERIOLES
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CAPILLARIES
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VEINS
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CORONARY CIRCULATION
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CORONARY ARTERIES

• Right Anterior Descending Artery
• Left Anterior Descending Artery
• Circumflex Artery

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Coronary Artery Disease
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Coronary Artery Disease
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THE BLOOD

• Red Blood Cells
• Hematocrit
• Blood Pressure

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Red Blood Cells
Hemaglobin
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Hematocrit
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Blood Pressure
w Systolic and Diastolic. Whats the difference?
w What is a normal systolic blood pressure
reading?
w What is a normal diastolic blood pressure
reading?
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Blood Pressure
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Blood Pressure