Anatomy of the Cardiovascular System

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Anatomy of the Cardiovascular System
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The Heart

• Roughly the size of a persons closed fist
• Full size at about age 25
• Tall, thin individuals tend to have a long heart
  and short, stocky individuals tend to have a wide
  heart.

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Coverings of the Heart

• Covered by a sac called the pericardium
• Fibrous Pericardium tough, loose-fitting, and
  inelastic
• Serous Pericardium has two layers
• 1. Parietal layer lines
• fibrous pericardium
• 2. Visceral layer (epicardium)
• adheres to the outside of
• the heart.

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Functions of the Heart Coverings

• Between the parietal and visceral layer is the
  pericardial space, which contains pericardial
  fluid
• Fluid protects against friction when the heart
  beats

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Structure of the Heart

• 3 layers of tissue
• Epicardium same as the visceral pericardium
• Myocardium Thick muscular layer
• Endocardium lining of the interior myocardial
  wall.

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External Anatomy of the Heart Anterior View
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External Anatomy of the Heart Posterior View
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Chambers of the Heart

• Divided into 4 cavities
• 2 Atria (left and right)
• Upper chambers
• Receive blood from veins
• Myocardial wall is thin
• 2 Ventricles (left and right)
• Lower chambers
• Receive blood from the atria
• Myocardial walls are thick for pumping

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Chambers of the Heart (Frontal Plane)
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Valves of the Heart

• Permit the flow of blood in one direction
• Four sets of valves
• 2 Atrioventricular (AV) Valves guard the
  openings between the atria and ventricles (cusp
  valves)
• Tricuspid valve
• Bicuspid valve (mitral valve)
• 2 Semilunar (SL) Valves located where the
  pulmonary artery and aorta arise from the right
  and left ventricles respectively

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Chambers and Valves of the Heart
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Mitral Valve Prolapse
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Skeleton of the Heart
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Structure of Heart Valves
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Flow of Blood Through the Heart
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Blood Supply of Heart Tissue

• Coronary Arteries The right and left coronary
  arteries are the first branches off of the aorta.
• Anastomosis one or more braches from the
  proximal part of the artery to a more distal
  portion

• Cardiac Veins after blood passes through
  capillaries in the myocardium it enters a series
  of cardiac veins that drain into the right atrium

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Coronary Arteries and Veins
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Myocardial Infarction (MI)
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Coronary Bypass Surgery