Earth Simulator

1
Earth Simulator

• Herman G. Meyer III
• Oct. 21 2004

2
Overview

• Hardware
• Software
• Facilities
• Research

3
Hardware

• Performance
• Arithmetic Processor
• Processor Node
• Interconnection Network

4
Performance

• 40.96 Tflops peak theoretical
• 35.86 Tflops sustained
• Measured using Linpack benchmark by Top500.org
• http//www.netlib.org/benchmark/linpackjava/

5
Arithmetic Processor

• 4-way super scalar
• w/64kb instruction cache, 64kb data cache, 128
  registers
• Vector unit
• w/72 registers each w/256 vector elements
• 8 sets of 6 different types of vector pipelines
• (add/shift, multiplication, division, logical,
  masking, load/store)
• Main memory access control unit
• 500MHz/1GHz

6
Arithmetic Processor (cont)

• 0.15 micron CMOS
• 8 layer copper interconnection
• 20.79mm square
• 60 million transistors
• 5185 pins
• 140 watts

7
Processor Node

• Eight Arithmetic Processors
• 16 GB RAM
• 256 GB/s bus between AP, RAM, and interconnection
  network
• 640 total nodes

8
Interconnection Network

• Total bandwidth 8 TB/s
• Two control units
• 128 data switch units
• Every node is connected to every switch and
  control unit
• 640 x 130 83,200 cables
• 2,400 kilometers

9
Software

• NECs UNIX based SUPER-UX Operating System
• OS Enhancements made
• Extended scalability
• Earth Simulator specific administration functions
• Parallel file system
• Job Scheduler
• Compilers
• Fortran 90
• C
• C

10
Facilities
11
Facilities (cont)

• Illumination

• Seismic Isolation

12
Research

• Atmosphere and Ocean Simulation Research Group
• Solid Earth Simulation Research Group
• Multiscale Simulation Research Group
• Advanced Perception Research Group

13
Atmosphere and Ocean Simulation Research

• Atmospheric Simulation
• High resolution
• http//www.es.jamstec.go.jp/esc/research/AtmOcn/af
  es/images/afes.mpg
• Oceanic Simulation
• http//www.es.jamstec.go.jp/esc/research/AtmOcn/of
  es/images/ofes.mpg
• Coupled atmosphere-ocean simulation

14
Solid Earth Simulation

• The goal of SESG is to understand the structure
  and dynamics of the Earth's interior by means of
  the large scale computer simulation

15
Multiscale Simulation Research

• Holistic Simulation

16
Advanced Perception Research

• Virtual Reality Simulation
• BRAVE
• Booth for Resolving Aspect of Virtual Earth

17
Ethics

• Weather as a weapon

18
Summary
19
References

• The Earth Simulator Center - http//www.es.jamstec
  .go.jp/esc/eng/index.html
• Top500.org - http//www.top500.org/
• Intel Microprocessor Quick Reference Guide -
  http//www.intel.com/pressroom/kits/quickrefyr.htm
  
• NEC Global - http//www.nec.com/global/features/i
  ndex9/index.html
• Earth Simulator Time Magazine, Nov. 18 , 2002