How You Can Protect Yourself Against Cancer

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How You Can Protect Yourself Against Cancer
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Who is at risk for cancer?
Do you know someone who has cancer?
Do you have a relative who has cancer?
Everyone is at risk
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Lifetime Probability of Cancer

• All Cancers 1 in 2.5 people
• Prostate Cancer 1 in 6 men
• Breast Cancer 1 in 8 women
• Colon Cancer 1 in 17 people

National Cancer Institute Surveillance,
Epidemiology, and End Results, http//seer.cancer.
gov
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What do these cancers have in common?

• Risk FactorsAnything that increases a persons
  chance of developing a disease

National Cancer Institute, http//cancer.gov/dicti
onary/
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Risk factors include
Substances like alcohol
Habits like smoking
Agents like viruses
Genetic changes that are hereditary
Conditionslike having ulcers for a long time
National Cancer Institute, http//cancer.gov/dicti
onary/
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Breast Cancer Case Study

• Evelyn Peters
• Caucasian female, age 56
• Mother and sister had breastcancer at ages 59
  and 57
• Had children after age 30, did not breast-feed
• Dislikes many vegetables
• Drinks alcohol regularly
• Slightly overweight
• Finds it hard to be active

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Prostate Cancer Case Study

• Jim Patterson
• African American male, age 50
• Father had anenlarged prostate
• Likes meat and potatoes
• Job has a lot of traveling

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Colon Cancer Case Study
Frances Brown

• Caucasian female, age 64
• Father and uncle died of colon cancer
• Has had uterine cancer
• Did not have children
• Gained weight at menopause
• Likes fast food

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What risk factors appear in these case studies?
Cannot be Changed
AgeSexRaceFamily HistoryPersonal History
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What risk factors appearin these case studies?
Can beChanged!
LifestyleAlcoholExerciseWeight
DietFood Choices
YOU
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Activity Break!

• What are cruciferous vegetables?

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Breast Cancer
Too much Fat Too few Cruciferous
Vegetables
Diet
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Prostate Cancer
Diet
Too much Fat
Not enoughVitamin E orSelenium
Too few Cruciferous Vegetables / Tomato foods
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Colon Cancer
Diet

• Too much Fat
• Not enough Fiber
• Too few Fruits and Vegetables
• Not enough Calcium
• Not enough Folate

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Review Break!

• What dietary factors do these cancers have in
  common?

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Cancer and Your Lifestyle

• Physical Activity

Lack of Exercise
Excess Weight Gain
Higher Risk of Cancer
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Cancer and Your Lifestyle
Alcohol
Risk of Cancer
0 drinks/day
2 drinks/day
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Specific Factors that Increase Breast Cancer Risk

• Genetics
• Not Having Children
• Menstrual History
• Use of HRT

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Specific Factors that IncreaseColon Cancer Risk

• History of polyps
• History of Inflammatory Bowel Disease
• Smoking

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Signs
If you have a family history of cancer, be alert
for physical signs of the disease.

• Please refer to your
• FACT SHEETS

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Screening

• If you have a family history of cancer,
  screening tests should be done regularly.

Early detectionis key!
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Breast CancerScreening

• Mammogramevery year starting at age 40
• Breast exam by doctorevery 3 years starting at
  age 20 every year after age 40
• Breast self-examevery month starting at age 20

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Model Break!

• How do I perform a breast self-exam?
• What does a lump feel like?

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Prostate CancerScreening

• PSA (prostate-specific antigen) testevery year
  starting at age 50
• Digital rectal examevery year starting at age 50

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Colon CancerScreening

• Beginning at age 50, follow one of these
• FOBT (fecal occult blood test) every year
• Sigmoidoscopy every 5 years
• Colonoscopy every 10 years

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Model Break!

• What does the FOBT kit look like?
• What do I have to do to get ready for the test?

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Breast Cancer Case Study

• Evelyn Peters
• Caucasian female, age 56
• Mother and sister had breast cancer at ages 59
  and 57
• Had children after age 30, did not breast-feed
• Dislikes many vegetables
• Drinks alcohol regularly
• Slightly overweight
• Finds it hard to be active

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Suggestions for Evelyn Peters?

• Eat more fruits and vegetables, especially
  cruciferous vegetables

• Do not drink alcohol

• Keep weight within guidelines

• Get more exercise

• Get a mammogram and breast exam by a doctor
  each year

• Do a breast self-exam each month

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Prostate Cancer Case Study

• Jim Patterson
• African American male, age 50
• Father had anenlarged prostate
• Likes meat and potatoes
• Job has a lot of traveling

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Suggestions for Jim Patterson?

• Get more exercise

• Eat less meat

• Eat more fruits and vegetables, especially
  tomato foods

• Get enough vitamin E and selenium

• Get a PSA test each year

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Colon Cancer Case Study
Frances Brown

• Caucasian female, age 64
• Father and uncle died of colon cancer
• Has had uterine cancer
• Did not have children
• Gained weight at menopause
• Likes fast food

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Suggestions for
Frances Brown?

• Get more exercise

• Keep weight within guidelines

• Eat more fruits and vegetables

• Get enough calcium and folate

• Eat more fiber

• Eat less fast foods

• Get screened each year

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What can YOU do?

• Diet
• Eat 5 servings of vegetables and fruits each day
• Choose fish, poultry, and beans often
• Choose beef, pork, and lamb in moderation
• Choose foods low in calories and fat
• Eat smaller portions

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What can YOU do?

• Lifestyle
• Drink alcohol in moderation, if at all
• Engage in physical activity at least 30 minutes
  a day
• Maintain a healthy weight

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Now you need to think about yourself
What is YOUR risk?
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Credits

• American Cancer Society
• www.cancer.org
• National Cancer Institute
• www.nci.nih.gov