Exam Results Last Semester

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Exam Results(Last Semester)
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Exam Results(This Semester)
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Units 8 and 9

• PCs The Early Days
• The ISA Generation
• The Pentium and the PCI

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MICRO-Computers
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Early Days of Personal Computing

• Z80 processor, CP/M operating system
• Jobs Wozniak Apple, Apple II, IIc, IIe
• Intels 8088 processor IBM PC
• Motherboard
• PC Bus
• Controller Cards
• Driver Software
• 8086 processor and the XT Bus

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Major Classes of PC Software

• BIOS (Basic Input-Output System)
• POST (Power-On Self-Test)
• Operating System
• Driver Software
• Utilities
• User Shell (GUI)
• Application Programs

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PC Operating Systems

• Disk Operating System (DOS)
• Microsoft Disk Operating System (MS-DOS)
• IBMs Disk Operating System (PC-DOS)
• Nortons Disk Operating System (N-DOS)
• OS/2
• Linux
• Windows95, Windows98

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CONFIG. SYS

• DeviceCDROM.sys /R, /T, /S450
• DeviceMouse.com
• DeviceBlaster.sys /D2,
• DeviceHighmem.sys /nopage
• Load VID034.DRV /memFA05
• CDSCSI.COM Set0002

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AUTOEXEC.BAT

• Prompt PG
• SETVER
• CD WINDOWS
• WIN
• CD \

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Intel Family

• 8088 (8-bit) PC Bus
• 8086 (8-bit) PC-XT Bus
• 80286 (16-bit) PC-AT Bus

PC-AT Bus became known as ISA (Industry Standard
Architecture)
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Intel Family
New IBM Bus Architecture MCA (Microchannel
Architecture)

• 80386 (32-bit processor) EISA Bus
• 80486 (32-bit processor with built-in math
  coprocessor) ISA, EISA, VESA Bus
• Pentium (two 32-bit processors, including
  floating point processor) PCI Bus

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Intel Processors

• 8088 (8-bit)
• 8086 (8-bit)
• 80286 (16-bit)
• 80386 (32-bit), SX
• 80486 (32-bit w/math coprocessor), SX
• Pentium family (dual processors cache)

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Main Memory (RAM)

• Memory Expansion
• Huge Addresses
• Scratchpad Memory
• L1 Internal cache
• L2 Motherboard cache

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Desktop BUS Architectures

• PC
• PC-XT
• PC-AT (ISA)
• MCA ()
• EISA
• VESA
• PCI

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Peripheral Controllers

• Serial
• Parallel
• Monochrome, Hercules, EGA, VGA, Windows
  Accelerators
• IDE Hard Drives
• SCSI Adapters
• Sound Boards

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PROBLEMS...

• IRQ lines
• DMA channels
• Driver problems
• Driver compatibility with OS versions
• Setup Utilities overwriting existing driver
  settings

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UNIT 9

• The PC Revolution
• End-User Computing

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Mainframes vs. PCs
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Mainframes vs. PCs
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Mainframes vs. PCs
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DEVELOPMENTSWHICH SAVED PCs

• Invention of LANs
• Standardization of Productivity Software
• Terminal Emulation
• Standardization of Bus Architectures
• Invention of Windows Interface
• Integrated Math Coprocessors
• Multitasking
• Small Business Application Software

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The Biggest Development of all. CLIENT-SERVER
COMPUTING
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The Pentium and the PCI
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Pentium Family

• Pentium
• Pentium Pro
• Pentium MMX
• Pentium II
• Celeron
• PIII
• ?

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Pentiums 32-bit processors

• Dual processors, each can command
• Floating point math unit
• Enhanced Instruction Set
• Internal Cache L1 memory
• Super-computer capabilities
  (parallel processing with other Pentiums)

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PCI Bus

• Peripheral Connection Interface
• 64-bit bus, additional control channels
• Allows Plug-n-Play signals
• Allows expansion for later hardware
• Integrates with USB, Firewire, and AGP connections

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Plug-n-Play

• At bootup, BIOS sends polling signals to all
  devices.
• Devices respond with unique checksum
• BIOS forwards checksum list to Operating System,
  which then determines which drivers to load.
• IRQs and DMAs are assigned by OS based on
  devices connected.

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The REGISTRY file is created dynamically at
BOOTUP time. It contains the list of software
installed, along with the list of hardware
detected at bootup time, and the respective
drivers. The REGISTRY in Windows 95/98 replaces
both the CONFIG.SYS file and the AUTOEXEC.BAT
file.
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Outside Connections

• Universal Serial Bus (USB)
• IEEE 1364 Specification (Firewire)
• Advanced Graphics Port (AGP)
• EIDE
• SCSI-fast, SCSI-wide, SCSI-fast/wide
• Enhanced Parallel Port (EPP)

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Whats Coming?

• Merced -- 64-bit computing
• RISC processors
• Specialized processors
• Enhanced PCI Bus?

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Next Time

• Unit 10 Laptop and Palmtop Computing
• Unit 11 Managing/Auditing/Evaluating PC-based
  Computing Environments