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Title: Final Exam Review


1
Final Exam Review
  • Semester 2

2
TEST COVERS the following units
  1. Russian Revolution
  2. Age of Anxiety
  3. World War II
  4. Gandhi
  5. Cold War
  6. Middle East/Current Events

3
Russian Revolution
  • Lenin builds an Empire
  • 1917-1924

4
Russian Revolution
5
Road to Revolution
Russo-Japanese War (1904)
Nicholas II (Rules 1894-1917)
Poor Performance
Bloody Sunday (1905)
World War I (1914)
Duma Established 1906
Unprepared
Dissolves Duma
6
Russia During World War I
  • Morale very low
  • Soldiers deserting the Army
  • Economy is very weak
  • High prices, shortages, etc
  • Bolsheviks demanding change at home
  • Nicholas II headquarters at front in WWI

7
Bolsheviks
  • Russian Marxist group that wanted reform
  • Leader Vladimir Lenin
  • Fled Russia in early 1900s to
    avoid arrest

8
TIMELINE
Lenin takes power in 1917
Signs treaty of Brest-Litovsk 1918
Russia falls into Civil War 1918-20
15 million people die! (war, famine, disease)
Economy destroyed!
9
Communism Theory vs Reality
Karl Marx
Wrote Communist Manifesto 1848
Predicted the collapse of capitalism

10
Stalin Wrap-Up
  • Rules until his death in 1953
  • USSR becomes much stronger military
  • Majority of Russians live in poverty
  • Totalitarian Government which rules by fear
  • Fights with USA in World War II
  • After WWII, USSR becomes enemy of USA
  • Cold war starts 1945-1990

11
Age of Anxiety
  • 1919-1939

12

Early 20th Century The world experiments with
NEW ways to govern society.
Democracy Capitalism
Totalitarianism
Socialism
Nazism Fascism Communism
13
ISMs of the 20th Century
End of World War I leads to the rise of
Totalitarian Ideologies
  1. Socialism
  2. Totalitarianism
  3. Fascism
  4. Nazism
  5. Communism

14
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15
Results of Great Depression
Around the World
  • European countries were just beginning to
    recover from World War I
  • The U.S. economy hurt the GLOBAL economy.
  • Japanese Economy begins to suffer
  • Helps Hitler assume power in Germany

16
Hitlers Dance
  • 1935-- Rearmament begins in Germany
  • 1936-- Moves into the Rhineland
  • 1938 -- Seize Austria demands Sudetenland
  • 1938-- Munich Conference

17
Nonaggression Pact
Hitler Stalins
  • 1939 10-year pact signed
  • Secretly agree to divide Poland
  • other countries promised to Stalin
  • Hitler was assured there would be no attack from
    the east. (USSR)

18
Appeasement
19
World War II
  • 1939-1945

20
World War II
Battle of Stalingrad Operation Torch
Battle of Britain
Pearl Harbor
D-Day
Poland Invasion
lt-------------------------------------------------
gt
1939 1940 1941 1942
1943 1944 1945
Invasion Soviet Union
France Falls
Battle of Midway
Germany Surrenders
21
3-Theatres of War European, African Pacific
22
Two Front War
  • U.S. Great Britain concentrate on Southern
    Europe Northern Africa
  • Soviet Union fight on its own against Germany
    on eastern front
  • U.S. will continue fight against Japan

23
Hitlers Plan
  • Step 1 Immigration tried to export Jews
    to other countries
  • Britain 80,000 U.S. 100,000 France 25,000
  • Latin America 40,000
  • Step 2 Ghettos Hitler turned to isolation
    as immigration proved limited
  • Step 3 Final Solution- moved Jews to
    concentration camps and began mass killings

24
The Final Numbers
  • 6,000,000 Jewish deaths
  • Original Population Killed
  • Poland 3,300,000 3,000,000
  • Soviet Union 2,850,000 1,252,000
  • Hungary 650,000 450,000
  • Romania 600,000 300,000
  • Germany 240,000 200,000

25
Can we Learn From History?

Goal Long lasting Peace
To do list Countries need new Borders New
Governments New League of Nations Countries need
to be rebuilt Trials for War Crimes for Nazi
Leaders
26
Communist Triumph in China
  • Civil War leads to Communism
  • 1920-1950

27
China Summary
  • Chinese society was based on tradition
  • Western influence was forced and came late to
    China
  • Opium War of 1839 changes China
  • China fall into civil war 1900-1950 as Qing
    dynasty collapses

28
1946-49 Civil War
1950-1958 Maos Communism
1958-61 The Great Leap
Mao loses power
1966-76 Cultural Revolution
29
Communist China Summary
  • Economic failure
  • Few advances in technology industry
  • Today, China is finally starting to catch up
    with industrialized countries
  • China is using Capitalism to get their economy to
    grow today

30
Mohandas Gandhi
  • Indian Independence

31
Before Gandhi India Summary
  • A history of being ruled by outsiders
  • Strong religious tension between dominant Hindu
    population and Muslims
  • Did not truly push for independence until after
    World War I
  • Amritsar Massacre was the turning point in
    independence movement

32
Gandhis Influence
  • 1920 Indian National Congress endorses civil
    disobedience (non-violence) as means to achieve
    independence
  • 1924 Gandhi assume the Presidency of the Indian
    National Congress
  • Gandhi never OFFICIALLY held political office!

33
Mahatma in India
  • 1919 Protested Rowlett Acts
  • 1922 Ended campaign after riots
  • 1930 Led salt march
  • 1932 Fasted to protest caste system
  • 1947 Fasted to end violence
  • 1948 Assassinated by Hindu extremist

34
The Cold War Expands1946-1949
35
IRON CURTAIN
36
American Foreign Policy
Containment
Truman Doctrine
Marshall Plan
37
1) Containment and Brinkmanship 1945-69

2) Détente 1970s
3) Renewed Arms Race 1980s
4) Collapse of Soviet Union 1990

38
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39
Conflicts of Cold War
1945-46 Iron Curtain 1948 Berlin
Airlift 1949 Soviets test Nuclear
Bomb 1950-53 Korean War 1960-73 Vietnam
War 1959 Cuban Communist Revolution 1960 U-2
Incident 1961 Berlin Wall Built 1962 Cuban
Missile Crisis
40
Some Factors in the collapse of Soviet Union
  • Overall, very poor economy
  • Flawed economic system (communism)
  • Could not compete with USA in the Arms Race
  • Invasion of Afghanistan caused financial hardship
  • Rebellions in Iron Curtain Countries Soviet
    Republics
  • Falling oil prices in 1980s drastically lowered
    income

41
Middle East Current Events
42
9/11th raises tension in the Middle East
43
Immigration to Palestine
  • The Balfour Declaration (1917) started large
    scale immigration to Palestine
  • British LIMIT size of Jewish immigration
  • Palestinians feared being outnumbered
  • Promised to not infringe rights of non-Jewish
    population

44
Arab States Partition
  • Arab states immediately oppose partition
  • Islamic countries all voted against the U.N.
    partition
  • May 14th 1948 Israel is officially formed
  • The surrounding Arab states refuse to recognize
    Israel

45
Arab-Israeli Wars
  • 1st War in 1948, followed by
  • 1956 Suez Crisis
  • 1967 Six-Day War
  • 1973 War

46
Saudi Arabia
Leader King Faud
Government Monarchy Established 1932 Populat
ion 23 Million Relation to USA
Friendly---based on Oil Military
  • Challenges
  • Islamic extremist groups within country
  • USA has military bases in Saudi Arabia
  • Government is repressive
  • Has more Oil than any other country

47
Iran
  • - Complex Government Islamic Republic
  • President is elected
  • Religious leader Ayatollah has significant
    power
  • - Govt established in 1979 after Iranian
    Revolution which overthrew Shah

President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad
  • Other Information
  • Iranians are not Arabs (Persians)
  • Currently developing Nuclear Technology
  • US Europe is attempting to find a diplomatic
  • solution

Spiritual Leader Ayatollah Khamenei
48
IRAQ
  • Saddam Hussein leader 1979-2003
  • US invasion forces him out in 2003
  • 2006 Democratic Government Formed
  • Challenges
  • Diverse Population Shia, Sunni Kurds
  • Extremist Elements do not want Democracy\
  • Civil War is possible
  • Security is currently very poor in Iraq
  • USA hopes to reduce troop levels late in 2006
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