Differences Divide Britain and Its Colonies

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Differences Divide Britain and Its Colonies

• By Mr. Greenwold

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KWL
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Government in the colonies

• Lesson 1

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Big Questions to look for

• What was the role of the British government in
  the colonies?
• What were the causes of the French and Indian
  War?
• How did the French and Indian War effect the
  colonies?

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British Rule

• British laws were made mostly through
  Parliament
• British people elected leaders to serve in
  Parliament
• Passed laws for all people in Britain
• This included the people living in the colonies

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British Rule continued

• Some colonists felt they should have
  self-government
• As the colonies developed, the British
  government gave them some freedom to make their
  own laws
• Parliament still had to approve these laws
• The colonists still had to follow British laws
  as well

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British Rule continued

• Each colony set up a legislature to make the laws
  for their colony
• People were elected to the legislatures by the
  property owners in each colony
• The legislatures made laws for their colony and
  set up local militias
• Colonies also had a governor, who was appointed
• by the King of England to see that the British
  laws were followed

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QA

• Why is it true to say that the colonists were not
  well represented in the British Parliament?
• If you were a colonist would you have supported
  self-government or British Rule? Be prepared to
  defend your answer.
• Nice Job!

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The French and Indian War

• In 1753 the French in Canada began building
  forts on lands in the Ohio River Valley that both
  France and Britain claimed
• Fighting broke out between the colonists and
  the French, and both sides were helped by various
  Indian tribes
• Britain needed help of British army, in
  addition to the help of the Indians
• British defeated the French with the help of
  the Iroquois in 1763

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The F and I war continued..

• After the war, French Canada became a British
  colony, along with other French land
• The colonists were eager to settle this new
  land, but it cost a lot of money to defend this
  new land
• The British already paid high taxes, and
  refused to pay more to help out the colonists
• The King and Parliament decided the colonies
  would have to help pay for the war and for
  keeping British soldiers in the colonies
• The colonists agreed to this plan, but did not
  like it

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QA

• What Caused the French and Indian War?
• Why do you think the colonists were unhappy about
  this new plan?
• Nice Job!

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Colonists Become more angry

• First the king makes an order called the
  Proclamation of 1763.
• This said colonists had to stop settling land
  that they had just won from France, and anyone
  living there had to leave immediately.
• The king also gave greater authority to the
  governors
• They could order legislatures to change any laws
  they didnt like
• The colonists began to feel angry and hopeless.

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QA

• Why did the colonists felt angry?
• Why do you think the colonists felt helpless?
• Nice Job!

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Lesson Review

• What was the role of the British government in
  the colonies?
• What were the causes of the French and Indian
  War?
• How did the French and Indian War effect the
  colonies?

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Quarrels and Conflicts

• Lesson 2

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Big Questions to look for

• What caused the Stamp Act, and what was the
  effect of it?
• What does it mean when colonists said, No
  taxation without representation?
• What happened because the colonists protested
  British laws?
• What happened at the Stamp Act Congress?

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New Taxes for the Colonists

• When Parliament decided that the colonists
  would help pay for the war, they also decided how
  they would pay
• In 1764 Parliament passed the Sugar Act
• The colonists had to pay a tax on many goods
  coming to the colonies from other places
• This made many colonists mad, especially because
  they had not agreed to this tax
• Some colonists did feel that everyone should be
  more grateful to Britain
• Without Britains help, they would be ruled by
  Spain or France These people were called
  Loyalists, or Tories

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The Stamp Act

• Less than a year later, Parliament passed the
  Stamp Act
• This required nearly all paper products in the
  colonies to have a special stamp showing a tax
  had been paid
• Once again the colonists were mad because they
  did not agree to the tax
• They had no representation in Parliament
• Several colonists began to speak out against
  the British government

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The colonists react

• The king quickly heard of the colonists anger
  over the Stamp Act
• People began to protest in different ways
• Some colonists wrote letters to Parliament
• Others held public meetings and sent petitions
  to the king asking to change the Stamp Act
• At the urging of several groups of people, many
  colonists began to boycott British goods
• Some colonists even became violent, and
  attacked homes of tax collectors and others

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Q and A

• What did the colonists think of the new taxes on
  sugar and other goods?
• Why were many colonists angry at the British
  government about the Stamp Act?
• Nice Job!

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Action in the colonies

• James Otis asked fellow colonists not to buy
  paper goods
• Otis told crowd in Boston to refuse to pay
  taxes
• He argued no taxation without representation
• Patrick Henry told the Virginia legislature
• that they should be only ones to make laws for
  Virginia
• Otis and Henry began to influence public
  opinion
• People everywhere began saying no taxation
  without representation

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People protest in different ways

• Some colonists decided that they needed to be
  peaceful in their protests
• A group of colonists went to England to talk
  with Parliament about representation
• Among these colonists was Benjamin Franklin
• Franklin had helped Philadelphia grow from a
  simple town to one of the best planned cities in
  the colonies
• Franklin warned Parliament that the colonists
  would fight if the British sent the army to
  collect the taxes
• British leaders refused to listen to Franklin.

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Q A

• In what different ways did colonists act against
  the new taxes?
• Nice Job!

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The Stamp Act Congress

• James Otis, Ben Franklin, and others had long
  thought the colonists should work together
  instead of acting separately
• In 1765, people who agreed with them held a
  meeting in New York City
• This meeting was called the Stamp Act Congress
• 9 colonies sent representatives to the meeting
• They discussed the problems with the new taxes
• The congress decided to ask people in the
  colonies to stop buying stamped goods

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Q A

• What was the purpose of the Stamp Act Congress?
• Why was the Stamp Act Congress important for the
  colonists?
• Nice Job!

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The British government reacts

• Parliament heard about the Stamp Act Congress,
  and immediately repealed the Stamp Act
• In 1767 Parliament created new laws called the
  Townshend Acts
• These laws affected trade in the colonies
• The British wanted to show the colonists that
  they still could make laws controlling them
• Parliament also sent more soldiers to the
  colonies

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The colonial Response

• Having these soldiers in their cities angered
  the colonists even more
• Fights between the colonists and the British
  soldiers
• Some of the worst fighting took place in Boston
  on March 5, 1770
• A crowd gathered around several British
  soldiers
• As the crowd moved closer to the soldiers, the
  soldiers opened fire
• Three colonists were killed, and two died later
  
• Among them was a runaway slave named Crispus
  Attucks, who led the charge against the soldiers
• Attucks became known as the first person to die
  for American Independence
• This event became known as the Boston Massacre

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Q A

• What happened at the Boston Massacre?

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Cause Effect
leads to
French and Indian War
Sugar Act, Stamp Act
leads to
No colonists voted on Sugar or Stamp Act.
Angry Colonists
leads to
Petitions, boycotts, violence, Stamp Act Congress
Angry colonists
leads to
King sends more troops
Boston Massacre
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Lesson Review

• What caused the Sugar Act, and what was the
  effect of it?
• What does it mean when colonists said, No
  taxation without representation?
• What happened because the colonists protested
  British laws?
• What happened at the Stamp Act Congress?

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The Kings MMsA simulation activity
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QA

• What was so unfair about how the class was taxed?
• How could it have been handled more fairly?
• Why were tax collectors tarred and feathered?
• Why were British goods boycotted?
• What methods and organizations did colonists
  create in order to fight and go around these laws?

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Colonists Unite

• Lesson 3

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Lesson 3 Colonists unite

• Was the Committees of Correspondence successful
  in causing cooperation?
• Did the Boston Tea Party gain the desired
  results?
• What did the Continental Congress do?

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The Committees of Correspondence

• The Stamp Act Congress had shown that the
  colonists could work together.
• However news traveled slowly, during colonial
  times.
• In November 1772, Samuel Adams, one of
  Massachusetts leaders who often spoke out against
  British rule, created the Committee of
  Correspondence in Boston.
• After three months 80 committees had been
  organized all over the colonies.

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A New Law

• In 1773 Parliament passed another new law, the
  Tea Act, allowing a British company to sell tea
  in the colonies for a very low price.
• Colonial merchants would be hurt by this AND
  colonists would have to pay a tax on tea!
• People decided to Boycott tea.
• In Pennsylvania and New York colonists did not
  allow ships carrying British tea to enter their
  ports
• In Massachusetts, however, the ships captains
  refused to be turned away

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The Boston Tea Party

• The colonists responded with action in Boston,
  Massachusetts
• A group of colonists who had called the Sons of
  Liberty, disguised themselves as Mohawk Indians,
  and boarded the ships.
• They broke open all the chests of tea and dumped
  them into the harbor.

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A Furious Britain

• When Parliament heard about this they decided to
  punish the colonists of Massachusetts.
• They passed a law saying No ship carrying
  colonial goods could leave Boston Harbor until
  the colonists paid for all the tea that had been
  destroyed.
• To make sure this happened, they ordered the
  Royal Navy to blockade (use war ships to prevent
  other ships from leaving or entering) the Boston
  Harbor.
• To make matters worse the British Government
  forced the colonists to quarter (pay for the
  housing of) British solders
• They even made the leader of the British army,
  Thomas Gage, the new colonial governor of
  Massachusetts.

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Colonial Cry out!!

• The Colonists responded by shouting Intolerable
  acts!!
• This soon became the name colonists used for
  these acts.

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Question

• Why did colonists hold the Boston tea party?
  (What was its goal)
• How did the British government respond to it?
• Was it successful in achieving its goal?

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The Continental Congress

• In September of 1774 the colonists held the
  Continental Congress in Philadelphia.
• It was called the Continental Congress because it
  was the first meeting of its kind on the North
  American continent
• Every colony except Georgia came to the meeting.
• Colonists agreed to stop all trade with Britain
  and not to obey the laws when the laws took away
  their liberty as citizens.

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Continental Congress continued..

• They told Parliament, We are for the present
  only resolved to pursue peaceable measures.
• They agreed they would meet again in May of 1775
  if there demands for colonial rights, or
  freedoms, were not met.
• In Virginia in the House of Burgesses colonists
  suggested they start preparing for war.
• In March of 1775 Patrick Henry gave the most
  famous speech of his career, saying give me
  liberty or give me death!

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Questions

• What did the Continental Congress decide to do?
• What did they demand from Britain?
• What did Patrick Henrys quote give me liberty
  or give me death, mean?

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Tension Mounts

• Tension was high in the air after the Continental
  Congress.
• Though Colonists and the British knew things were
  difficult, few could imagine what was about to
  happen

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• The End
• Or is it just the beginning?