OSU College of Pharmacy

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• OSU College of Pharmacy
• Pharmacist Immunization
• Certification Program
• 2007

Introduction
Based on National Immunization Program Centers
for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
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Program Overview

• Five modules covering all aspects of immunization
  delivery
• Content based on the National Immunization
  Program from the Centers for Disease Control and
  Prevention (CDC) and information from Oregon
  Board of Pharmacy and Oregon Health Division.

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Program Overview

• Module 1 Review of Self-study
• Module 2 Updates and new vaccines
• Module 3 Development and Implementation of a
  Pharmacy based Immunization
• Module 4 - Legal and Regulatory Aspects
• Module 5 - Safety and Injection Technique

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Assessment Methods

• Self-study quizzes will prepare students for a
  comprehensive final exam on course content.
• Student Injection Technique Training Testing
  Done in Pharmacy Practice Lab.
• Final Exam will be a one hour exam with 50
  questions (closed book, no notes/study guides
  allowed.) Tuesday September 25, during Pharmacy
  753

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Assessment Methods

• 70 minimum passing grade on each quiz and the
  Final Exam is required complete the training.
• Successful students will receive a certificate
  documenting their immunization delivery training
  from the OSU College of Pharmacy.
• This certificate is VALID ONLY IN CONJUNCTION
  WITH A CURRENT CPR CARD.

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Assessment Methods

• Final exam results and a copy of each certificate
  will be filed at the OSU College of Pharmacy.
• Students failing the initial final exam will be
  allowed one retake to be scheduled within one
  week.
• Students failing the second comprehensive final
  exam will receive a non passing grade in PHAR 740
  and will be required obtain certification through
  an alternative approved program.

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Assessment Methods

• Students will evaluate program content, format
  faculty at the conclusion of the program.
• Evaluation results will be used to implement
  changes and update the program annually to ensure
  continuous quality improvement.

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Questions???
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History of Immunizations

• In 1796, Dr. Edward Jenner noted that noted that
  dairymaids who had caught cowpox (a minor
  disease), could not catch smallpox (a fatal
  disease).
• Inserted cowpox scrapings into arm of healthy 8
  year old boy
• 48 days later injected him with smallpox matter

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Derivation of the Word Vaccination

• "Vaccination," the word Jenner invented for his
  treatment (from the Latin vacca, a cow, due to
  his research based on the study of cowpox) was
  adopted by Pasteur for immunization against any
  disease.

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Dates of Introduction of First Generation of
Vaccines

• 1798   Smallpox
• 1885   Rabies (1st live attenuated viral vaccine)
• 1897   Plague
• 1923   Diphtheria
• 1926   Pertussis
• 1927   Tuberculosis (BCG)
• 1927   Tetanus
• 1935    Yellow Fever

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After World War II..

• 1955   Injectable Polio Vaccine (IPV)
• 1962   Oral Polio Vaccine (OPV)
• 1964   Measles
• 1967   Mumps
• 1970   Rubella
• 1981   Hepatitis B
• 1995 Varicella
• 1999 Exclusive Use of Inactivated Polio
  Vaccine Recommended
• 2006 Human Papilloma virus

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Vaccine-Preventable Disease Facts - USA

• Almost 50,000 adults die each year in the USA
  from vaccine-preventable diseases.

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Vaccine-Preventable Disease Facts - Oregon

• Number of reported cases of Pertussis (Whooping
  Cough) by county (Jan.1 Oct. 31, 2005)
• - Benton 46 cases
• - Clackamas 38 cases
• - Lane 119 cases
• - Marion 113 cases
• - Multnomah 69 cases
• - Washington 42 cases
• 594 cases reported in Oregon in the first 10
  months of 2005

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Why Should Pharmacists Get Involved in
Immunization Delivery?

• Who worked in a pharmacy that provided
  immunizations?
• Standard of practice

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Why Should Pharmacists Get Involved in
Immunization Delivery?

• Pharmacists are one of the most accessible
  healthcare providers to the public.
• Pharmacies are open evenings and weekends when
  many other healthcare providers are unavailable.
• Pharmacists are well-respected by the public and
  other healthcare providers.

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Why Should Pharmacists Get Involved in
Immunization Delivery?

• Have the ability via patient and medication
  profile to identify high-risk patients in need of
  targeted vaccines
• Are in a unique position due to their
  accessibility in retail, hospital, long term care
  and home infusion settings to fill in the gaps
  and immunize patients that have fallen through
  the cracks in our complex US healthcare system.

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Steps to Successful Pharmacy Immunization Delivery

• Step 1 Focus on Prevention
• - Focus immunization efforts on diseases that
  are the most significant sources of preventable
  mortality in the USA.
• - Routinely screen each patients immunization
  status when they are at the pharmacy to pick up
  medications.

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Steps to Successful Pharmacy Immunization Delivery

• Step 2 Partnership with Communities
• - Supporting immunization and advocacy goals and
  educational programs of health departments in
  their cities, counties and states.
• - Collaborating with community prescribers and
  health departments
• - Consulting with and reporting immunization
  delivery to primary care providers, state
  immunization registries, Oregon Board of Pharmacy
  and other relevant parties.

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Steps to Successful Pharmacy Immunization Delivery

• Step 3 Emphasis on Patient Care Patient
  Education
• - Administer immunizations in accordance with
  OBOP and Oregon Health Division administrative
  rules and protocols.
• - Educate patients about immunizations and
  respect patient rights.

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Steps to Successful Pharmacy Immunization Delivery

• - Encourage appropriate vaccine use through
  educational campaigns for health care
  practitioners, employers and the public about the
  benefits of immunizations.
• - Promotional materials for these educational
  efforts are available from the Centers for
  Disease Control at www.CDC.gov.

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Steps to Successful Pharmacy Immunization Delivery

• Step 4 Documentation of Services
• - Document immunizations fully (both in the
  pharmacy and on each patients immunization
  card).
• - Document any patient education provided and
  obtain written informed consent before
  immunizing.
• - Report any adverse events related to
  immunizations to all primary care providers and
  the national Vaccine Adverse Events Reporting
  System (VAERS).

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Steps to Successful Pharmacy Immunization Delivery

• Step 5 Promotion Marketing of Immunization
  Services
• - Develop a service delivery model to ensure
  an efficient, successful program in your
  pharmacy.
• - Order projected vaccine needed for your
  program well ahead of scheduled events.

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Steps to Successful Pharmacy Immunization Delivery

• - Be proactive. Establish reimbursement rates
  methods with health plans, employers and other
  third party payers prior to implementation of
  your program.
• - Get involved with professional organizations
  that are actively promoting and supporting
  pharmacists as immunizers in the community.