TWO GREAT INTELLECTUALRELIGIOUS MOVEMENTS

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TWO GREAT INTELLECTUAL/RELIGIOUS MOVEMENTS
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The Enlightenment

• Four fundamental principles

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• Law-like order of the natural world
• The power of human reason

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• 3. The natural rights of individuals, including
  the right to self-government
• 4. The progressive improvement of society

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• Men can determine the general principles and
  natural laws governing the universe through
  analyzing nature, experimentation, abstract
  reasoning.

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• Emphasis on acquiring knowledge through
  reasoningchallenging previously unquestioned
  assumptions

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• Began around 1675
• Scientific Revolution

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Benjamin Franklin Thomas Jefferson

• DeistsBelieved that God had created the world
  but allowed it to operate according to laws of
  naturenatural reason would define a moral code

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Enlightenment politics

• John Locke
• Essay Concerning Human Understanding (1690)
• Two Treatises on Government (1690)

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• God created every person everyone is His
  propertycreated equal free.

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• In the state of nature each person is a judge
  unto themselves people are primarily only
  interested in themselves.

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• Authority of government was not divinely ordained
  (kingships)

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• Social compactpeople made an agreement with
  govt to preserve their natural rights to life,
  liberty, property

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• Governments might change through the decision of
  the majority.
• Govt should aim at the good of the people.

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• Society must have established form of govt, laws
  judicial system.
• Citizens are not free to act do as they please.
• Freedom consent are inseparable.

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• When established government acts improperly, it
  puts itself in a state of war with its own
  citizens the people have the right to dissolve
  that govt even through revolution if necessary.

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Pietism/The Great Awakening

• 1730s-1740s
• Reaction to The Enlightenment
• Declensionsecond generation further
  generations were failing to practice the piety of
  their spiritual fathers
• Began in Congregational ChurchRev. Jonathan
  Edwards

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Old Lights

• Arminians/Church of England
• Anti-revivalists/traditional clerics
• Disliked emotionalism itinerancy

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Old Lights cont

• Especially disliked women talking publicly about
  Gods word
• The authority power of the established clergy
  were being threatened

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New Lights

• Presbyterians/Baptists/
• Methodists
• Accused opponents of being status conscious

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New Lights cont

• Believed in unconverted state of the clergy
• Concerned about decline in church attendance
  interest

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New Lights cont

• Questioned religious, social political
  orthodoxy
• Challenged fundamental tenets of colonial
  political consensus

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George Whitefield

• Three American tours
• October 1739-January 1740
• March 1740 to May 1740
• September 1740 to December 1740

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• Rock star status in America
• Critic of Church of England
• Colorful
• Open-air services mixed gatherings

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• New communication styleextemporaneous preaching
  in
• everyday language
• Daily itinerant preaching

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• Advertising/publicity
• Ignored ecclesiastical structures
• Novelty was his greatest asset.
• Died in 1770.

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• Revivals became linked in a widespread, single
  movement rather than isolated, local events
• usually flourished where dissenters were most
  influential where a revival tradition existed.