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The Artist
Giovanni Luigi Bonelli and Aurelio GalleppiniIt
was September 1948. The age of fascism and war
had just died away and in Italy people woke up
from that long nightmare with a desire for
reconstruction and a longing for America. After
years of an ideology that regarded "America" as
an evil temptation towards freedom and democracy,
Italians could go back to an American dream the
way this was embodied in movies, books, comics
and heroes. Tarzan had eluded the fascist censure
by hiding under the costume and name of the
German "Sigfrido" and people stared at their
freedom as at a never ending prairie. Perhaps
Europe looked a little like the West with all
there was to build and recreate, but here the
scenario was somehow depressing, there it was
astonishing. Peering out of the ruins of Europe,
people could go back to the images that the war
had swept away, that of an almost untouched land,
which was being transformed quickly through the
bad and good energy of free men. Like the men of
the Old West, Italians felt they had to reinvent
entities as well as identities. It was a time in
which what counted the most was each man's
creativity. For once, Italy didn't look like an
old society forced into a stratified and fixed
order, but rather like a place where people could
change themselves and change their society as
well. Another reason for the western's appeal in
postwar Italy may well have been that the ideal
American revealed intolerance towards
constrictions and authority, a sentiment that
post-fascist Italy certainly shared.
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Photos
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Oh, this is not Tex
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Thats him!This is Tex Willer!!!
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Fifty years of Tex Willer memories from the
Western renaissance in Italy
In September 1998, Tex Willer will be 50 years
old. This character, halfway between a cowboy and
a righteous gunfighter, is Italy's most beloved
western hero. He has outlived his graphic
creator, several different formats and editions,
narrative experiments, and all the serializations
of western comics serials born before, with, and
immediately after him. To go back over his
origins and career again is like jumping on an
old wagon and rediscovering a mythical America, a
fictitious, stolen, and manipulated object of
desire situated in the land of Italians'
collective imagery between nostalgia and eternal
boyhood.
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This film was made in Hungary
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Fiat 500
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Photos of the fiat 500
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Inside of fiat 500
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Fiat 500 Kombi
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IN 1957 Fiat launched the successor to its
previous model the Topolino . THE designer was
Dante Giacosa who was to become a legend in the
automobile design world. THE vehicle drew
heavily on the ground work Giacosa had done for
the 400 , which was a prototype of a minimalist
two-seater utility car . It also drew heavily on
the slightly larger 600 but differed dramatically
in the engine department by having an all new
479cc overhead valve, air-cooled vertical twin
mated to a four speed crash gearbox. WITH 13 bhp
on tap it s neck breaking acceleration did not
exactly conjure up images of a would-be Ascari at
the wheel. SO came the likes of Carlo Abarth,
Giannini, Nardi, who had a field-day offering
after-market accessories and bolt-on tuning parts
so the young Italians could go racing around the
streets. FIAT also offered, between the years
1958-60, a Sport version which had a one piece
roof unlike the standard version which had a
rather useful fold back sunroof . This particular
model had 21 bhp which improved the proformance
dramatically.
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THE major 500 models are as follows June
1957 Basic Economica 500 Nuova with 13bhp Fiat
500m Late 1957 revised model called the Normale
with 15 bhp also with wind up windows. 1958-60
Sport with 499.5cc with 21bhp 1960 the 'D'
model came along with revised engine and trim.
THE first major change came in 1965 with the
'F' when the car lost its 'suicide doors' and
gave way to front hinged doors. THE Lux version
did not come until 1969-75 with full carpet and
plastic revised dashboard and lots of bright
work.LESS unknown was the 500 'R' that was
never imported to the UK which was the 'L' body
on the new 126 chassis.Fiat 500 History
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The Bambino was very popular in Europe and be
came a cult classic
The Fiat 500 was the name given to two very
different and popular cars dating back to 1936.
The first Fiat 500 named the Topolino (meaning
mouse) was one of the smallest cars in the world
at the time of its production. Three models were
produced until 1955 all with minor mechanical and
cosmetic changes. Nearly 520000 models of the
Topolino were sold. In 1955 the mid size rear
wheel drive Fiat 600 was launched by Fiat that
would become the design basis for the new Fiat
500,  the 500 Nuova (or new). Often called the
bambino it was one of the most popular cars to
ever leave Italy and has become an Italian cult
icon.
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This is the effect of Fiat 500
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The Norwegian Football
History
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Milestones of Norwegian Football
1902The Football Association of Norway (NFF) is
founded. The cup competition is established, and
Grane (Nordstrand) defeat Odd 1-0.1908NFF become
member of FIFA. The Norwegian mens team play
their first friendly match versus Sweden. The
match takes place in Gothenburg, Sweden. Norway
sensationally score the first goal after only 45
seconds, but Sweden win 11- 1911The first
friendly international match ever to be played in
Norway, takes place in Oslo on the 11th of
September. Norway lose 4-0 to Sweden. 1912Norway
participate in the Olympic Games in Sweden. They
lose matches vs.  Denmark (0-7) and Austria (0-1)
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1914NFF host the FIFA Congress in Oslo. The
first league is established. Six teams compete
for the title Drafn, Frigg, Kvik/Halden, Larvik
Turn, Mercantile and Odd (first league winners). 
1918The Norwegian mens team win their first
international match by beating  Denmark 3-1 on
the 16th of June in Oslo. 1920Norway
participate in the Olympic Games in Antwerp. They
sensationally beat England 3-1, but losses vs.
Czechoslovakia (0-4)  and Italy (1-2) send them
out of the tournament. 1937In the 1936/1937
season the first extensive football series takes
place. Fredrikstad FK win and become the first
Norwegian league champions. 1938The
Norwegian mens team manage to qualify for the
World Championship finals in France by beating
Ireland 3-2 and drawing 3-3 in the qualifying
round. In the first round Norway lose 2-1 to
Italy and is out of the championship. Italy later
go on to become champions.
1936The Norwegian mens team win their
only medal in an international championship. The
team is for ever after known as Bronselaget (the
Bronze team) after the successful Olympic Games
in Germany. Norway beat Turkey (4-0) and Germany
(2-0), but lost to Italy in the semi-final.
Norway beat Polen (3-2) in the bronze final.
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1940-1945The Football Association of Norway's
office close due to a nationwide strike amongst
athletes and athletic associations in Norway. The
league championships are cancelled from 1939 to
1947.
1945158 000 send written applications to get
tickets for the cup final Fredrikstad FK vs.
Lyn. 35 000 got to see the first game. After two
draws, Lyn won the third final 4-0 at Bislett,
Oslo. This picture was taken when the teams met
again in the 1946 cup final. Fredrikstad
(white) lost by 3-2.  1946The Norwegian mens
team play their first postwar game vs. the
British Royal Air Force (RAF).1950The newly
established Norwegian youth team draw 1-1 against
Denmark.1952The Football Association of Norway
(NFF) celebrate its 50th anniversary by passing
100 000 memberships.1954NFF become member of
UEFA.1960Fredrikstad FK is the first Norwegian
club to compete in the UEFA Cup. Ajax is beaten
in the first round, but AGF from Århus, Denmark,

are too strong for FFK in the next round.
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1963Norway sensationally defeat Scotland 4-3 in
Bergen, Norway.1967Rosenborg BK become league
champions for the first time. 1968Lyn from Oslo
amaze the European football elite by advancing to
the quarter finals of the Cupwinner's Cup. After
defeating Izmir of Turkey and Norrköping in the
first rounds, Lyn are clos to beating FC
Barcelona. Due to the Norwegian winter, both
games of the quarter final are played in Spain,
and Barcelona advance by 5-4 (3-2,
2-2).1969Professionals are allowed to play for
the Norwegian mens team.1971Unni Hole becomes
the first woman to participate on NFF's National
assembly (Forbundsting).1972The famous Norway
Cup, the world's largest football tournament for
children and youths, is held in Oslo for the
first time.1973 Women's football establish
their own rules.1975Bodø/Glimt win the cup as
first team from Nord-Norge (the Northern part of
Norway).
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1977From this year also the northernmost county
in Norway can compete for reaching the top
divisions of the league system. 1979Norway
qualify for the Olympic Games in Moscow in 1980.
Due to political reasons, the Norwegian Sports
Federation decides to boycott the Championship.
1981England lose 2-1 to the Norwegian men's
team in Oslo! The picture shows Hallvar Thoresen
celebrating his 2-1 goal at Ullevaal Stadion in
Oslo.Thoresen later became captain of PSV
Eindhoven, playing with world stars such as Ruud
Gullit, Ronald Koeman, Hans van Breukelen and
Gerald Vanenburg. 1984Norway participate in the
Olympic Games in USA. Norway is elimated early
on after beating  Qatar 2-0, a draw (0-0) vs.
Chile and a 2-1 loss to France. 1987The
Football Association of Norway (NFF) host the
European Championship for women in Oslo. The
Norwegian womens team win the championship after
a 2-1 victory over Sweden in the final.
1978The Norwegian womens team play their first
friendly international matches in a Nordic
tournament, in Denmark. Sweden is the first
opponent, and won 2-1. 22 years later Norway
became Olympic champions in Sydney (picture).

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1988The Norwegian womens team win the first
unofficial World Championship for women in China.
Norway beat Sweden 1-0 in the final. 1989The
women's team win silver medal in the
European Championship in Germany. The host
nation, Germany win the final 4-1. 1991The
Norwegian womens team win silver medal in the
first official World Championship for women in
China. USA defeated Norway 2-1 in the final. The
women's team also reach the final of the European
Championship in Denmark, losing the final 3-1
to Germany. 1992Norway succeed in taking the
first international medal in mens football since
1936, as the Norwegian youth team win bronze
medal in the European Championship in Germany.
1990Egil "Drillo" Olsen becomes coach of the
Norwegian mens team, leading Norway to
international recognition. "Drillo"s debut is
fantastic. The surprise team from the World Cup
in Italy, Cameroon, get trashed 6-1 at Bislett,
Oslo.    
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1993The Norwegian mens team qualify for the
World Championship finals (the World Cup USA
1994).  The women's team win the European
Championship for the second time, beating host
nation Italy 1-0. Rosenborg and coach Nils Arne
Eggen win their first of ten consecutive league
titles. 1994A 1-0 victory against Mexico, a 0-0
match vs. Ireland and losing 1-0 to Italy is not
enough for the men's team to go through from the
group games in the World Cup. Norway is out of 
the tournament, although all teams have the same
number of points and an equal goal difference.
The Norwegian team has the lowest number of
goals. The womens team once again prove their
position by qualifying for both the European and
the World Championships.
1995The Norwegian womens team win the World
Championship in Sweden after defeating USA 1-0 in
the semifinal and  Germany 2-0 in the final. Hege
Riise (picture from 2002) is elected best player
of the world.
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1995The Norwegian womens team win the World
Championship in Sweden after defeating USA 1-0 in
the semifinal and  Germany 2-0 in the final. Hege
Riise (picture from 2002) is elected best player
of the world.
1996The Norwegian womens team win bronze medal
in the first Olympic Football Tournament for
women, after defeating Brazil 2-0. USA win the
tournament. Rosenborg sensationally beat AC Milan
on San Siro in Milano in a Champions League
game.
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1997The Football Association of Norway
(NFF) cooperate with Sweden to host the European
Championships for women. The Norwegian men's
team  qualify for the World Cup in France
in 1998. 
1998 The mens team participate in the World
Cup. After 2-2 against Morocco, 1-1 vs. Scotland
and victory (2-1) over Brazil, the team qualified
for the second stage. Once again Italy eliminate
the Norwegians by winning 1-0. Nils Johan Semb
replaces Egil "Drillo" Olsen as national coach,
as "Drillo" went on to train Vålerenga and
Wimbledon. Four years after Norway's defeat of
Brazil, the Norwegian people in an election
decided this was the most glorious moment of
Norwegian football ever. The picture shows Kjetil
Rekdal's penalty in the 89th minute. 1999 The
Norwegian womens team is defeated by Brazil on
penalties in the bronze final of the World Cup.
Nils Johan Semb's men qualify for EURO 2000 by
winning their qualifying group. Norway has never
before been to the final round of the European
Championship.
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The future football star
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The End