1960 2000 MorbidityMortality

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1960 2000 Morbidity/Mortality

• Derek Bao
• Jonathan Jui
• Luke Wonnell

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Purpose
Using a variety of resources, we will research
the number of deaths in America related to car
accidents, homicide, cancer, and heart disease in
the years 1960, 1970, 1980, 1990, and 1995-2000.
We will then compare them to the total deaths of
that respective year. In doing this, we will
identify whether there is a relation or trend
between morbidity and mortality.
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Morbidity vs. Mortality
Morbidity (môr-b d -t ) n. pl.
morbidities 1. The rate of incidence of a
disease.
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General Overview
Points to note - Morbidity in this presentation
consists of only heart disease and
cancer. - Mortality consists only of car
accidents and homicides. - All numbers (deaths,
etc.) are from the US.
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What the Boys Are Going to Do
The death rate fluctuates,but is slowly dropping.
What types of deaths are decreasing over time,
and what types are increasing that cause the
death rate to increase and decrease?
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Hypothesis
We predict that morbidity will decrease over the
years and mortality will increase and that the
fluctuating death rate is due to

• Homicide rates will increase consistently
• Deaths related to automobile accidents will
  increase because more teenagers will be driving
• Deaths related to cancer and heart disease will
  decrease due to medical advancements

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Over the Years
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Mortality Automobile Accidents
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Automobile Accidents Continued
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Safety Advancement

• The NHTSA (National Highway Traffic Safety
  Administration) has a Crash Avoidance Research
  Program, dedicated to car safety.

• The NHTSA will continue to fulfill its mission of
  saving lives, preventing injuries, and reducing
  traffic related health care and other economic
  costs, by facilitating the development,
  deployment, and evaluation of safety products and
  systems.

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Safety Improvements

• Safety Glass
• Child Seats
• Collapsible Frames

1973 -Air Bags
1965 Seat Belts
1950s Power Brakes
1969 Anti-Lock Brakes
2000 Side Airbags
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(No Transcript)
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Automobile Accident Analysis

• Due to technological advancements in car safety,
  the occurrence of automobile accidents follows a
  fairly constant downhill slope.

• The biggest decrease in automobile deaths was
  between 1960 and 1970 as a result of the
  introduction of the seatbelt in 1965 ABS brakes
  also affected this drastic change during this
  decade.

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Mortality Homicide
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Homicide Continued
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Significant Related Events

• With the introduction of firearms being sold to
  the public, homicides increased and was the most
  popular weapon.
• A series of gun control laws passed through the
  later half of the
• 20th century attempted to curb the number of
  firearms sold and homicide deaths.

-1986 Iran Contra Affair shook much of the
American public, resulted in the Firearms Owners
Protection Act eased the selling of firearms and
granted certain rights for them. -1999
Columbine shooting, resulted in more vigorous gun
control laws passed.
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Analysis

• After significant events such as the Columbine
  shooting, the more
• vigorous gun control laws could have
  contributed to fewer arms
• being sold, resulting in fewer deaths by guns.

• Overall, there has been an increase of homicides
  between
• 1960 and 2000.

• The parabolic graph shows a peak in
• the mid 1980s before falling back
• down. Most gun control laws passed
• restricted buying guns, however, in
• 1986 the Firearms Owners' Protection
• Act was passed.

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Morbidity Cancer
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Medical Advancements
1960s-70s Scientists study connection between
cancer and virii 1960s 70s Howard Temin and
David Baltimore discovered reverse transcriptase
(provided possibility for genetic
engineering) 1964 Surgeon General Luther Terry
linked smoking to lung cancer Late 1970s 45
compounds known to be effective against 29 forms
of cancer. 1985 National Cancer Institute
established a program to test thousands of
compounds for cancer therapy possibilities. 1991
Human Genome project began
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Analysis
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Morbidity Heart Disease
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Medical Advancement
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Analysis
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Morbidity vs. Mortality Revisited
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What That Means
-The range of percent differences for mortality
are larger than that of the morbidity
range. -The bottom two quartiles of the
mortality graph is in the negatives meaning there
is more of a decline. Morbidity on the other hand
has its top three quartiles increasing.
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Conclusions

• The trend of morbidity deaths is increasing with
  each passing year.
• The trend of mortality is an overall decrease
  due car accidents are decreasing due to
  technological advancements homicides are on the
  downfall with enforced gun laws and stronger law
  enforcement forces.

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Unexpected Results

• Morbidity is on the rising trend, as there are no
  defined cures for most diseases such as cancer or
  aids. Even advancement in medicine has not been
  able to curb it.
• Homicides have been on an increase until
  significant events caused stronger gun control
  laws to be passed.

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Sources of Error

• Census data may not have been correct since it is
  only a census.
• Some data was collected through rates of death,
  and a certain
• rate of death in one area may not hold the same
  for all the others.
• -Some deaths may not have been classified
  correctly, therefore increasing a death category
  when it shouldnt have ie. intentional crashing
  of a car and calling it an automobile accident.
• -Our morbidity and mortality data is based on two
  types from each category, which may skew the data.

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Sources Used
Internet Sources http//ph.state.al.us/chs/Healt
hStatistics/Tables/2000/aveTab41.htm http//www.in
foplease.com/ipa/A0779940.html http//www.infoplea
se.com/ipa/A0005124.html http//www.disastercenter
.com/cdc/aheart.html http//ph.state.al.us/chs/Hea
lthStatistics/Tables/2000/aveTAB39.htm http//www.
novusglass.com/glass-story.html http//www.stnonli
ne.com/stn/occupantrestraint/seatbelthistory/ http
//ojjdp.ncjrs.org/ojstatbb/html/qa128.html
http//www.nhtsa.dot.gov/
Other Sources 2002 Rand McNally Almanac World
Book Encyclopedia
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Our Data
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The End