Rights Revolution, 1960-1970

1
Rights Revolution, 1960-1970

• I. The Old Regime
• A. Policing
• B. Prosecution
• C. Appellate oversight
• II. Changing Context
• A. Totalitarianism
• B. The Growth of State Power
• C. Civil Rights Movement
• D. The Warren Court
• III. The Reconstruction of Criminal Procedure
• A. Overarching concepts
• Constitutionalization, Nationalization,
  Incorporation
• B. Defendants rights
• Privacy, Counsel, Fair police procedure
• IV. Reaction

2
The Old Regime

• Policing
• Prosecution
• Appellate oversight

Dead body of Lazarus Averbuch held up by Chicago
Police Captain Evans, 1908
3
Totalitarianism
Inmates at Nazi death camp

• Democratic wars
• WWII
• Cold war
• Public Relations
• Genuine idealism

Chain gang, circa 1900
4
State Power

• Regulatory state
• Internal Revenue Service
• Immigration and Naturalization Service
• Customs Service
• Armed Forces
• Conscription
• Curfews
• Federal Bureau of Investigation
• State governments

FG, Per Capita Expenditures, 1800-1990, in
constant dollars
5
Civil Rights Movement

• Rights consciousness
• Regional variation

Woolworths sit-in, 1960
6
The Warren Court

• Political
• Willing to overturn precedent

7
Privacy
Dollree Mapp, 1957
8
Counsel
Clarence Earl Gideon

• At trial
• During interrogation

Danny Escobedo, 1966
9
Fair police procedure
Ernesto Miranda
10
Reconstructing Criminal Procedure

• Concepts
• Constitutionalization
• Nationalization
• Incorporation

11
Reaction

• Frustration with results leads to law and order
  politics