Chapter 19 Section 3

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Chapter 19 Section 3

• Guided Reading Activity

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Texas

• 1. In the 1860s, a new group of Americans arrived
  in the West from _____ leading dusty lines of
  bellowing cattle.

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The Cattle Drives
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• 2. Stray cattle from the Spanish and the Mexican
  cattle ranches in the Southwest grew into large
  herds of wild cattle, known as _____.

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cattle drives

• 3. After the Civil War, the demand for beef
  increased, so Texas ranchers rounding up herds of
  longhorns and drove the animals hundreds of miles
  north to railroad lines in Kansas and Missouri in
  long trips called _____.

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Jesse Chisholm

• 4. _____ blazed one of the most famous cattle
  trails that crossed rivers at the best places and
  passed by water holes.

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one million

• 5. Ranchers began using the Chisholm Trail in
  1867 and within five years, more than _____ head
  of cattle had walked the road.

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The Cowhands
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Ranchers

• 6. _____ employed cowhands to tend their cattle
  and drive herds to market through good and bad
  weather.

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one in three

• 7. It is estimated that nearly _____ cowhands was
  either Mexican American or African American.

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Spanish heritage
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vaqueros

• 8. American cowhands learned much about riding,
  roping, and branding from Spanish and Mexican
  _____.

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chaparreras

• 9. Cowhands borrowed ideas such as the lariat to
  catch runaway cattle, the Spanish sombrero, and
  _____to protect a rider's legs.

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On the trail
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grass fires

• 10. Cowhands had to prevent nervous cattle from
  drowning, fight raging _____, and face cattle
  thieves who roamed the countryside.

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stampedes

• 11. Cowhands slowed _____, one of their worst
  fears by turning the cattle in a wide circle.

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1 a day

• 12. Cowhands were lucky to earn_____ , which was
  low pay even in the 1870s.

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The Cow Towns
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Abilene

• 13. Cattle drives ended in cow towns that sprung
  up along the railroad lines such as at the end of
  the Chisholm Trail in_____, Kansas.

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railroad cars

• 14. Cattle were held in great pens until they
  could be loaded on _____ and shipped to markets
  in the East.

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cow towns

• 15. In busy _____, dance halls, saloons, hotels,
  and restaurants catered to the cowhands as
  Sheriffs fought to keep the peace.

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families

• 16. Cow towns also attracted settlers who wanted
  to build stable communities where _____ could
  thrive.

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artisans

• 17. Doctors, barbers, _____, bankers, and
  merchants helped to establish the cow towns.

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general store

• 18. Almost every town had a _____ that served as
  a social center where people could talk and
  exchange the latest news.

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worship

• 19. Throughout the West, places of ___ grew in
  number and membership.

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The Cattle Boom
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Montana

• 20. In the 1870s, ranchers built a Cattle Kingdom
  that spread north from Texas across the grassy
  Plains to present-day _____.

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The open range
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brand

• 21. Ranchers let their cattle run wild on the
  open range to feed and breed, but rounded up
  young calves twice a year to burn a _____ into
  their new cattle's hide.

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water

• 22. Sometimes, there were conflicts on the Range
  over _____ rights and sheepherding.

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End of an era
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open range

• 23. In the 1870s, the _____ began to disappear as
  farmers moved onto the range and fenced their
  fields with barbed wire.

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nine out of ten

• 24. The bitterly cold winters of 1886 and 1887
  killed _____ cattle on the northern Plains by the
  spring of 1887.

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fenced plots

• 25. Soon, farmers and ranchers divided the open
  range into a patchwork of large _____ and the
  days of the Cattle Kingdom were over.