Women and Childrens Condition: Gender Inequalities and power redistribution

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(No Transcript)
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NON GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS AND THE PLIGHT OF
CHILDREN
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• The plight of Children in developing countries
  all have one thing in common they all arise from
  Poverty and Lack of education.
• So in order to combat these problems, there have
  to be programs set up by local, international and
  governmental organizations

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NGOs and the Plight of Children

• Health care
• UNICEF
• Child Labor
• Child soldiers
• UNMIN(United Nations Mission in Nepal)
• Community Based Education
• X0 Laptops

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Health Care for Children

• Treatments exist for infections such as
  pneumonia, diarrhea, malaria, and neonatal
  diseases
• Vaccines exist to prevent measles, mumps and
  Rubella (MMR)
• Anti-Retroviral Therapy (ART)
• Oral rehydration therapy
• Ready-to-use therapeutic foods
• 2/3 of child deaths can be prevented through low
  cost, practical interventions
• ACCESS and AVAILABILITY to all of these
  preventative measures and treatments is the
  problem, not the ability to treat them

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Healthcare and UNICEF
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• UNICEF was formed in 1946
• It started as it often continues today, providing
  food, blankets and medicines to children affected
  by war and disaster, regardless of race, creed,
  status, nationality, or political belief.

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UNICEF and its Immunization campaign

• UNICEF and WHO believe that they can reach and
  immunize 3.5 million children and women in the
  next two years
• UNICEF is complementing these campaigns through
  sustainable efforts to deliver clean water,
  sanitation and education facilities, as well as
  to improve the delivery and quality of health and
  social protection services.

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Immunization Campaign in Somalia

• 1991, Somali government was overthrown
• Since then, the healthcare system has faced
  severe challenges in providing access to
  healthcare to its population

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• Somalia has one of the worst indicators for
  children in the world
• 1 in 8 children dies before their 5th birthday
• 1 in 3 is chronically malnourished
• Barely 1/3 of families have access to clean
  drinking water
• 30 of children go to school
• Life Expectancy is about 47 years old
• (UNICEF, 2007)

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UNICEF immunizes 100,000 children and women in
camps in southern Somalia

• On the 5th of December 2007
• Approximately 47,600 children under five and
  56,000 women who live in camps along the
  Mogadishu-Afgoye corridor received a package of
  critical life saving interventions
• Recent data coming out of the country indicates
  that effective awareness, can significantly
  reduce the number of children dying from measles
  and polio.

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Child Labour
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Why Does Child Labor Exist?

• In poor societies children are viewed as small
  adults who have to work
• Although they are not well paid, they still serve
  as major contributors to family income in very
  poor developing countries
• In places where education is inaccessible many
  children work because there is simply nothing to
  do

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Challenges to banning child labour

• Simply banning work without putting in place
  other supportive social structures risks making
  the situation even worse.
• Children will not attend school without an
  economic change in their condition
• Education and employment for children are not
  mutually exclusive

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How was child labour reduced in todays developed
countries?

• Four main changes took place 1. Economic
  development2. Education3. anti-child Labour
  laws 4. Changes in public attitudes
• What other changes do you feel needs to be done
  in developing countries in order for child labor
  to be abolished?

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NGOs and Child Soldiers
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Nepalese Civil War

• The Nepalese civil war was a conflict that
  started between government forces and Maoist
  rebels in which lasted from 1996 until 2006.
• The war was started by the Communists Party of
  Nepal (Maoist) with the aim of establishing the
  "People's Republic of Nepal."
• It ended with a Comprehensive Peace Agreement
  which is now monitored by the United Nations
  Mission in Nepal

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• UNMIN (United Nations Mission in Nepal)
• Nepal's 10-year conflict resulted in thousands of
  children associated with armed forces and groups
  (CAAFAG).
• A CAAFAG working group was formed in Nepal in
  2006.

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• To facilitate the release and return of children
  associated with the Communist Party of
  Nepal/Maoist (CPN-M).
• To provide immediate care, family tracing and
  reunification services by supporting interim care
  facilities.
• To sensitive, inform and mobilize families and
  communities to provide protection to these
  children

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Community Based Education

• One Laptop Per Child, XO Laptops

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• This quote was taken from the OLPC website
• Experience strongly suggests that an incremental
  increase of more of the samebuilding schools,
  hiring teachers, buying books and equipmentis a
  laudable but insufficient response to the problem
  of bringing true learning possibilities to the
  vast numbers of children in the developing world.

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OLPC was founded by Nicholas Negroponte In
November 2005, at the World Summit on the
Information Society held in Tunisia, he unveiled
a 100 laptop computer, The Childrens Machine,
designed for students in the developing world.
The project is part of a broader program to
extend internet access in developing countries.
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• After the Summit Kofi Annan who was the Secretary
  General at UN said this about the Laptop
• This is not just a matter of giving a laptop
  to each child, as if bestowing on them some
  magical charm. The magic lies withinwithin each
  child, within each scientist, scholar, or
  just-plain-citizen-in-the-making. This initiative
  is meant to bring it forth into the light of
  day.Kofi Annan

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• Two weeks later, President Olusegun Obasanjo of
  Nigeria declares himself enchanted by the 100
  laptop and commits his country to one million
  units.

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• In October 2006, Libya announced it has signed up
  for 1.2 million laptops, one for every school-age
  child in the nation.

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Discussion

• Given that these two countries are on board with
  the laptop project, what are some of the problems
  with the implementation of this project in these
  countries?

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Sources

• About the International Labour Organization,
  retrieved on the 15th of February 2008
  fromhttp//www.ilo.org/global/About_the_ILO/lang
  --en/index.htm
• International Labour Organization (2005) Uganda
  Child Soldiers retrieved on the 11th of March
  2008 from http//www.ilo.org/global/About_the_IL
  O/Media_and_public_information/Br oadcast_material
  s/Video_News_Release/lang-- en/WCMS_067854/index.h
  tm
• Government technology (2006) Plan Every Libyan
  Child to receive laptop, retrieved on the 1st of
  March 2008 from http//www.govtech.com/101720
• One Laptop per Child (2008) Retrieved on the
  28th of February 2008 from http//laptop.org/
• Seear, M. (2007). An introduction to
  international health. Toronto, Ontario Canadian
  Scholars Press Inc.
• UNICEF Press Release (2007) UNICEF immunizes
  100,000 Women and Children in camps in Southern
  Somalia, retrieved the 15th of February 2008
  fromhttp//www.unicef.org/media/media_42064.html
  
• UNICEF (2008)The State of the Worlds Children in
  2008 retrieved on the 17th of February 2008 from
  http//www.unicef.org/sowc08/docs/sowc08_execsum
  mary.pdf
• United Nations Mission in Nepal (2008) Retrieved
  on the 1st March 2008 fromhttp//www.unmin.org.n
  p/
• United Nations Mission in Nepal Child protection
  (2008) Retrieved on the 1st of March 2008 from
  http//www.unmin.org.np/?dactivitiespchild

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Benefits of Gender Equality
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• Gender equality will not only empower women to
  overcome poverty, but also their children,
  families, communities and countries. When seen in
  this light, gender equality is not only morally
  right it is pivotal to human progress and
  sustainable development.
• - UNICEF

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• Healthy Women Healthy Children
• Equality, Tolerance and Shared Responsiblity

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Major Areas

• Household
• Workplace
• Politics

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Household Benefits

• Equal Decision Making
• Beneficial to Child
• Nourishment
• Education
• Health Services
• Protection from Harm

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• If men and women had an equal voice in
  decision-making, the incidents of underweight
  children from birth to age three in South Asia
  would drop by up to 13, resulting in 13.4
  million fewer undernourished children.
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  - United Nations - State Of The
  Worlds Children 2007

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Workplace Benefits

• Equal opportunities
• Increase standard of living
• Equal rights and opportunities in the workplace
  not just the ability to work

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Women in Politics

• National Legislatures
• Local Politics
• Peace processes and post-conflict reconstruction

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References

• Hjelm-Wallén, L. et al. (2005). Gender Equality
  Policy for International IDEA. Stockholm,
  Sweden International Institute for Democracy and
  Electoral Assistance.
• Kulik, L. (2007). Equality in the division of
  household labor A comparative study of Jewish
  women and Arab Muslim women in Israel. The
  Journal of social psychology, 147(4), 423-40.
• Morales, M. H. (1996). Perfect Equality. Lanham,
  Md Rowman Littlefield.
• Veneman, A. M., et al. (2007). Women and
  children The double divided of gender equality.
  New York, NY The state of the worlds children
  2007.