Chapter 16: Social Behavior

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Chapter 16 Social Behavior
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Social Psychology

• Person perception
• Attribution processes
• Interpersonal attraction
• Attitudes
• Conformity and obedience
• Behavior in groups

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Person PerceptionForming Impressions of Others

• Effects of physical appearance
• Cognitive schemas
• Stereotypes
• Prejudice and discrimination
• Subjectivity in person perception
• Evolutionary perspectives

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Figure 16.1 Examples of social schemas
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Attribution Processes Explaining Behavior

• Attributions
• Internal vs. External
• Kelleys covariation model
• Biases in attributions
• Fundamental attribution error
• Defensive attribution
• Self-serving bias
• Cultural influences

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Figure 16.4 An alternative view of the
fundamental attribution error
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Close Relationships Liking and Loving

• Key factors in attraction
• Physical attractiveness
• Matching hypothesis
• Similarity
• Reciprocity
• Romantic Ideals

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Close Relationships Liking and Loving

• Perspectives on love
• Hatfield Berscheid Passionate vs.
  Companionate love
• Sternberg - Intimacy and commitment
• Hazen Shaver Love as attachment
• Evolutionary perspectives
• Mating priorities

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Figure 16.7 Infant attachment and romantic
relationships
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Attitudes and Attitude Change

• 3 components
• cognitive, affective, and behavioral
• Factors in changing attitudes
• source, message, and receiver
• Theories of attitude change
• Learning theory
• Dissonance theory
• Self-perception theory
• Elaboration likelihood model

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Figure 16.9 The possible components of attitudes
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Figure 16.10 Overview of the persuasion process
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Figure 16.12 Design of the Festinger and
Carlsmith (1959) study
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Figure 16.13 Bems self-perception theory
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Yielding to Others Conformity

• Conformity Solomon Asch (1950s)
• Classic experiment
• Group size
• Group unanimity

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Yielding to Others Obedience

• Obedience Stanley Milgram (1960s)
• Controversial landmark experiment
• I was just following orders
• presence of a dissenter

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Behavior in GroupsThe Influence of Other People

• The bystander effect - Darley and Latane (1968)
• Diffusion of responsibility
• Group productivity and social loafing
• Decision making in groups
• Polarization
• Groupthink

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Figure 16.18 The effect of loss of coordination
and social loafing on group productivity
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Figure 16.21 The three potential components of
prejudice as an attitude
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Figure 16.22 Relationship between prejudice and
discrimination
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Figure 16.23 Bias in the attributions used to
explain success and failure by men and women