Donald Fournier Chair, Building Research Council Program Manager, SEDAC School of Architecture Unive

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Donald FournierChair, Building Research
CouncilProgram Manager, SEDACSchool of
Architecture University of Illinois at
Urbana-Champaign
Green Office Challenge February 2009

• Energy Water Auditing

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Overview

• Drivers for Energy Efficiency
• Energy/Water Audit Basics
• Audit Walkthrough
• Analysis of Options
• Implementing

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Drivers for Efficiency

• It is a new world out there
• Oil rollercoaster on availability and prices,
• Natural Gas availability and prices,
• Electrical deregulation.

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U.S. Energy Flows 2007 (Quads)
Source DOE/EIA 2007
Source US EIA/DOE 2008
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Energy Efficiency

• The energy efficiency policies, building and
  appliance codes, incentives, and technology
  improvements in the U.S. since the mid-1970s now
  avoid the use of approximately
• 40 quadrillion Btu/year roughly 40 percent of
  the energy currently consumed.
• The emission of more than 2 billion tons of CO2
  per year.

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Energy Efficiency

• The cost of saving energy is going down while the
  price of energy is going up.
• Efficiency is the cleanest, cheapest, safest, and
  most secure source energy we have.
• These savings from energy efficiency to date have
  not yet come close to tapping the full potential
  for savings.
• Incentives are available under EPAct 2005/ EISA
  2008/Illinois EEPS to get deductions and tax
  credits and incentives for energy efficiency and
  renewable energy.

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Impact of Buildings

• Buildings in the United States consume
• 71 of electricity production.
• 39 of total energy flows.
• 17 of total US freshwater flows (12 of
  potable).
• 25 of the harvested wood.
• Buildings in the United States generate
• 38 of CO2 emissions.
• 50 of the CFC emissions.
• 136 million tons of CD waste (40 of landfill
  material -- 2.8 lbs/person/day).

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Office Challenge Goals
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What SEDAC Has Found

• Potential energy savings ranged from a high of
  80 to a low of 3for existing buildings and
  between 86 and 12 for new designs.
• Data from 70 existing buildings shows
• 32 energy savings.
• 34 energy cost savings.
• Typical savings of 50k per year.
• Data from 39 new building designs shows
• 41 energy savings.
• 38 energy cost savings.
• Typical savings of 51k per year.

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Large versus Small Buildings

• Envelope dominated versus internal gain
  dominated.
• Smaller Buildings (envelope dominated)
• Envelope very important
• Systems important
• Lighting important
• Plug loads less important
• Larger Buildings (internal gain dominated)
• Envelope less important
• Systems very important
• Lighting very important
• Plug loads important

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Typical Energy Usage
Office Building in our Climate Zone
Source National Grid, ESource, 2002
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Energy Auditing

• You need to know where you are before you can
  determine where you are going.
• An audit is basically information gathering and
  evaluating.

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Information Gathering

• Information needed on the building
• Type, size, purpose.
• Operating schedule.
• Monthly energy water consumption (at least one
  year).
• Any information already available (previous
  audits building plans)
• What do you want to achieve (desires goals)?

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Analyzing Energy Use
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Analyzing Energy Use
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Bench Marking
www.energystar.gov

• Determine energy usage per square foot per year.
• Determine energy cost per square foot per year.
• How well does this building perform compared to
  other
• Energy Star Target Finder
• CBECS Performance Targets Table

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Energy Star Target Finder
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Buildings not in Target Finder
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Energy and Cost Performance Indicators EUI, ECI
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Business Analyzer
www.energyguide.com
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Buildings have 3 Systems

• Non-energized (envelope) Windows, doors, roofs,
  walls, etc.
• Energized HVAC, lighting, water heating, plug
  loads, and process loads.
• Human people in the building who turn things on
  and off, leave windows open, come and go, and
  require heat, light, air.

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Building Envelope

• Separates the building from the outside.
• Check insulation levels and wall construction
  type.
• Check roof type and insulation levels.
• Consider how well the building is sealed.
• Need to check windows (how many, size, type,
  double pane/storm windows present).

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Gather and Note Information

• Note the envelope data.
• If you dont have drawings
• Sketch footprint.
• Note orientation.
• Site issues (room for geo well field, wind
  turbines, solar arrays).

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A NOTE ON SAFETY

• Boiler rooms and HVAC equipment can be hazardous
  places.
• Have a building operator take you around.
• Dont touch hot pipes, etc.
• Carefully gather data and discuss equipment and
  issues with operators.

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Energized Systems

• HVAC type, size, model , condition, age
• Boilers or furnaces.
• Chillers or A/C units.
• Types of systems (conditioning delivery).
• Ventilation and its controls.
• Hot Water
• Type of system and energy source.
• Usage estimate.
• Lighting
• Types of lamps and fixtures and counts.
• Types of exit lights.
• Types of controls.

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Process Plug Loads

• What is there
• Computers
• Lamps
• Appliances
• Are they Energy Star?
• How are they operated?

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Human System

• Number of employees
• Hours of operation
• Number of PCs
• Lighting levels
• Temperature settings
• Control strategies

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Energy Analyses

• List your options, goals, and desires.
• Focus on your 10 best things to do.
• Review the utility trends and spot opportunities.
• Calculate energy and cost savings for options.
• Document your findings and recommendations.

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Putting it Together

• Needs
• Technically Appropriate
• Biggest Energy Users
• Biggest Energy Costs
• Work from End Use Back to Central Plant
• Capital for Down Payment
• Rolling Quick Savings into Long Term Investments

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Looking for Money

• Grants, rebates, and tax deductions can
  significantly impact the cost effectiveness of
  energy efficiency.
• Many sources are out there for both the private
  and public sectors.
• Seek and ye shall find.

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Commercial Tax Deduction-EPAct 2005 (thru 12/13)
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Rebates and Incentives

• IL Portfolio Standards Rebates and Incentives
  Coming in June
• Benefits from ComEd DCEO.
• Will rebate costs based on a standard set of
  efficiency improvements or on a custom basis.
• Gas companies now playing Peoples

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Key Web Links
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ASHRAE AEDGs
Free Downloads at www.ashrae.org/aedg
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Sources of Information

• www.energystar.gov
• www.efficientbuildings.org
• www.energy.gov
• www.ashrae.org
• http//www.energytaxincentives.org/
• http//www.lightingtaxdeduction.org/tax_deduction.
  html
• www.dsireusa.org
• www.mwalliance.org

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Illinois Smart Energy Design Assistance Center

• Web site www.sedac.org
• Contact info_at_sedac.org
• 1-800-214-7954