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Botkin and Keller

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Water found below the Earth's surface, within the zone of saturation, below ... in a way that allows society to develop and flourish into an indefinite future ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Botkin and Keller


1
Chapter 20
  • Water Supply, Use and Management

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Groundwater and Streams
  • Groundwater
  • Water found below the Earths surface, within the
    zone of saturation, below the water table
  • Water table, recharge zones, discharge zones,
    aquifer, cone of depression
  • Effluent Stream
  • A type of stream where flow is maintained during
    the dry season by groundwater seepage into the
    channel
  • Influent Stream
  • A type of stream that is everywhere above the
    groundwater table and flows in direct response to
    precipitation

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Water Supply A U.S. Example
  • Water budget
  • a model that balances the inputs, outputs and
    storage of water in a system.
  • Defines the natural variability and availability
    of water
  • Over 99 of the Earths water is unavailable or
    unsuitable for beneficial human use
  • It is expected that the total water withdrawn
    from streams and groundwater in the U.S will
    decrease but the consumptive use will increase

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Desalination as a Water Source
  • Desalination a technology to remove salt from
    water
  • Increased cost

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Water Use
  • Off-stream use
  • water removed from its source for use
  • In-stream use
  • the use of rivers for navigation, hydroelectric
    power generation, fish and wildlife habitats and
    recreation

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Water Conservation
  • the careful use and protection of water resources
  • Agricultural Use
  • Domestic Use
  • Industry and Manufacturing Use
  • Perception and Water Use

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Sustainable Water Use
  • The use of water resources by people in a way
    that allows society to develop and flourish into
    an indefinite future without degrading the
    various components of the hydrologic cycle or the
    ecological systems that depend on it

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Wetlands
  • Areas that are inundated by water or where the
    land is saturated to a depth of a few centimeters
    for at least a few days per year
  • Wetlands serve a variety of functions that
    benefit ecosystems and people

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Channelization and the Environment
  • Channelization
  • An engineering technique that consists of
    straightening, deepening, widening, clearing, or
    lining existing stream channels
  • Purpose
  • Control floods, improve drainage, etc.

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Flooding
  • The most universal natural hazard in the world
  • The frequency and severity are increased by
    urbanization
  • Avoid building on floodplains

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