Energy Use Rationalization in DPRK

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Energy Use Rationalization in DPRK

• Energy Efficiency Activities in the DPRK and
  Opportunities for Rationalization of Energy Use
• by Jan Jasiewicz

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Contents

• 1. Introduction
• 2. Activities on Energy Use Rationalization in
  the DPRK
• 3. Opportunities for Energy Rationalization
• 4. Conclusions and Recommendations

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Introduction - Energy Sector Brief (early 1990s)

• Indigenous Sources of Energy
• - Coal
• - Hydropower
• - NRSE
• Dependence on Coal 80 of total supply
• Coal Consumption
• - Power Generation 40
• - Industries 35- 40
• Potential for Energy Conservation 20 - 60

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Characteristics of the Energy Sector (early 1990s)

• Shortage of energy supply
• High dependence on coal
• Energy inefficient technologies
• No single institution responsible for energy
• Lack of energy rationalization policies and
  standards
• No framework to relate energy development plans
  to the national economy plans

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Energy Intensity and Energy Requirements 1987

• Energy Intensity Energy Requirements
• TOE/1000GNP TOE/cap. y
• DPRK 2.0 2.0
• OECD 0.44 4.63
• USA 0.60 7.47

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Energy Efficiency Projects

• Uncoordinated local activities in the past
• Projects supported by UNDP
• - Assistance to transformer production,
• - Set-up of the Power Dispatch Center in
  Pyongyang,
• - Coal Laboratory at Anjou Coal Mine,
• - Rehabilitation of Power Plants,
• - Energy Rationalization at the End-use
  Sub-sector (1993 - 1998).

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Energy Use Rationalization

• Conservation Potential in Industries 30-50
• UNDP Project Energy Rationalization at the
  End-use Sub-sector implemented 1993-1998,
  focused on Industrial Sector.
• Project Objectives
• 1. Set-up of the Center of Rational Use of
  Energy (CRUE)
• 2. Develop energy supply/demand data system
• 3. Direct assistance to industries

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Set-up of CRUE(Operational since 1996)

• New 7 floor building (offices, auditoriums, and
  laboratories)
• Floor area 2,300 sq m
• Staff 104
• Instruments for laboratories and energy audits
• Computers, software, various equipment
• Vehicles

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CRUE Organization

• Seven Departments
• Energy Data Bank Planning Dept.
• Energy Audit Dept.
• Industrial Techniques Processes Dept.
• Total Energy Systems Dept.
• Instrumentation Dept.
• Technical Information Training Dept.
• Environment Protection Dept.

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CRUE - Staff Training

• In-country Training
• - refreshment training (SAS)
• - on-the-job training (International Experts)
• Overseas Training
• - Fellowship program
• - Study tours

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CRUE - Fellowship Program

• Korean specialists were trained abroad on
• Energy Data Bank Planning
• Total Energy Systems
• Waste Heat Recovery
• Industrial Furnaces
• Heat Recovery Equipment
• Industrial Steam Systems
• Thermal Insulation
• Energy Audit Techniques
• Rational Use of Electricity

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Energy Data Bank Development

• Development of Energy Data Series for 1989 -1997
• Development of the Sectoral Energy Diagnosis

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Assistance to Industries (1)

• Detailed Energy Audit Program
• - 10 plants audited
• - plant energy saving potential 15 - 60

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Assistance to Industries (2)

• Demonstration Projects Program
• Waste Heat Recovery at a Forging Furnace
• Efficiency increased from 15 to 50
• Steam Use Improvement at a Brewery
• Energy savings 35
• Application of Variable Speed Drive
• Electricity savings 30

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Opportunities for Energy Rationalization (1)

• Classification of energy rationalization
  measures
• Category I - Housekeeping, SPP less 1yr
• Category II - Process Improvement, 1-3 yrs
• Category III - Major Equipment Changes,
• SPP over 5 years
• In DPRK major chances have Cat. I and II measures
  (may reduce up to 40 of excess energy)

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Opportunities for Energy Rationalization (2)

• Selected Measures
• Combustion efficiency improvement
• Elimination of leaks (water, steam, air, gas)
• Steam system improvements
• Thermal insulation improvement
• Energy use control (instrumentation)
• Waste heat recovery
• Building structure heat loss reduction

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Conclusions and Recommendations (1)

• 1.CRUE should
• - upgrade existing energy information system
  incl. set-up of intranet system,
• - continue industrial energy audit program,
• - assist industries in implementation of energy
  rationalization projects,
• - expand energy audits to residential,
  commercial, and transport sub-sectors.

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Conclusions and Recommendations (2)

• 2. Research on efficient combustion of local
  fuels to be continued.
• 3. Perform a detailed review of old and energy
  inefficient plants in the industrial sector for a
  potential technology replacement action.
• 4. Appraise the pattern and efficiency of energy
  use in the residential sector

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Conclusions and Recommendations (3)

• 5. Develop a project on building structure
  thermal loss reduction (residential and
  industrial).
• 6. Implement intensive English courses for
  technical staff in all sectors.
• 7. For various projects, foreign financial and
  technical assistance is required.