Strategybased Instruction

1
Strategy-based Instruction

• What is it and how can we use it in the language
  classroom?

2
Successful language learners

• understand their own abilities
• take control of their own learning
• systematically engage in activities (both within
  and beyond the classroom) to achieve their goals

3
Learning StylesMany different Learning
Style ModelsIntuitively satisfying but unproven
by research
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Learning StyleLearning Strategy

• Stylesways of remembering thoughts and ideas and
  of practicing skills
• Reflective/Impulsive
• Individual/Group
• Left brain/right brain
• Visual, Aural, Kinesthetic
• Howard Gardners Multiple Intelligence Model

• Strategiesthings, activities we do (often
  unconscious) to learn or target language
• Direct
• Memory
• Cognitive
• Compensation
• Indirect
• Meta-cognitive
• Affective
• Social

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Left Brain/Right Brain

• Left brain
• Zoom lens
• Rules and definitions
• Logical, systematic, planned
• Language, mathematics
• Focuses on details

• Right Brain
• Wide-angle lens
• General guidelines
• Intuitive, flexible, spontaneous
• Music, art
• Gets the general idea

6
Reflective/Impulsive styles

• Impulsive
• Advantages
• More willing to speak in class
• Faster reading
• Better in timed tests
• Disadvantages
• Less accurate in speaking
• Less accurate in reading
• Act without thinking enough

• Reflective
• Advantages
• more accurate speaking
• More accurate reading
• Think carefully before acting
• Disadvantages
• wait too long to speak
• Read more slowly
• Slower in timed tests

7
Multiple intelligences model

• Linguistic intelligence
• Logical-mathematical intelligence
• Spatial intelligence
• Bodily-kinesthetic intelligence
• Musical intelligence
• Interpersonal intelligence

• Speaking. Using words, writing, communicating in
  a language, solving word problems
• Using numbers, logic, calculations learning and
  understanding grammar rules
• Drawing, painting, using color, art, graphics,
  pictures, maps, and so on
• Muscular coordination, athletic skill, body
  language, pronouncing a language
• Using music, tones, hearing, producing the
  intonation and rhythm of a language
• Talking with other people, understanding them,
  using language to communicate well with other
  people
• Self-knowledge, self-confidence, using language
  to analyze yourself

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Sills Strategy System

• Direct
• Memory
• Creating mental images
• Applying images and sounds
• Reviewing well
• Employing action
• Cognitive
• Practicing
• Receiving and sending messages
• Analyzing and reasoning
• Creating structure for input and output
• Compensation
• Guessing intelligently
• Overcoming limitations in speaking and writing

• Indirect
• Meta-cognitive
• Centering your learning
• Arranging and planning your learning
• Evaluating your learning
• Affective
• Lowering your anxiety
• Encouraging yourself
• Taking your emotional temperature
• Social
• Asking questions
• Cooperating with others
• Empathizing with others

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Kinds of Intelligence Diagnostic Chart

• If you are weak in
• Linguistic intelligence
• Logical-mathematical intelligence
• Spatial intelligence
• Bodily-kinesthetic intelligence
• Musical intelligence
• Interpersonal intelligence

• Then you should work hard on...
• understanding the teachers explanations
• Giving presentations
• Reading English
• Writing English
• Learning word definitions
• Understanding grammar rules
• Using grammar rules
• Explaining grammar rules to others
• Information gap activities
• Using charts, diagrams, and maps
• Using pictures/drawings
• Seeing videos and movies
• Pronunciation activities
• Theater, drama
• Hands-on projects

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If you are weak in Then you should work
hard on...

• Linguistic intelligence
• Logical-mathematical intelligence

• understanding the teachers explanations
• Giving presentations
• Reading English
• Writing English
• Learning word definitions
• Understanding grammar rules
• Using grammar rules
• Explaining grammar rules to others
• Information gap activities

11
If you are weak in Then you should work
hard on...

• Spatial intelligence
• Bodily-kinesthetic intelligence

• Using charts, diagrams, and maps
• Using pictures/drawings
• Seeing videos and movies
• Pronunciation activities
• Theater, drama
• Hands-on projects
• Body language, nonverbal communication

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If you are weak in Then you should work
hard on...

• Musical intelligence

• Pronunciation, intonation, rhythm, and stress
• Singing songs, doing jazz chants

13
If you are weak in Then you should work
hard on...

• Interpersonal intelligence
• Intrapersonal intelligence

• Group and pair work
• Talking with other students
• Editing classmates writing and speaking
• Interviewing
• Fluency activities
• Independent study, self-assessment
• Journal writing
• Working on a computer

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Language learners should

• Play to their strengths
• Strengthen their weaknesses