The MICE collaboration

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Towards a world-wide Neutrino Facility step I
the International Scoping Study (ISS)
mother link http//muonstoragerings.cern.ch
http//www.hep.ph.ic.ac.uk/iss/
ECFA/CERN studies of a European Neutrino Factory
Complex' CERN 2004-002 ECFA/04/230 and Physics
with a MMW proton driver (MMW workshop)
CERN-SPSC-2004-024
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Kayser -- EPS05
Accelerator neutrinos are CENTRAL to the future
program.
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evolution of sin22?13
Mezzetto
observation and study of CP violation requires
-- all accelerator neutrinos -- high precision
in neutrino vs antineutrino normalization --
redundancy. probably out of reach of these
experiments ? need to go further
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TARGET DATE 2010
2010 will be a time of major decisions in
particle physics LHC will be completed first
results will appear ILC ? first results
from CNGS, T2K double-CHOOZ other reactor
expts. might be available. It will be time for
the next step in neutrino physics!
Barry Barish, CERN SPC sept05
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• An ambitious neutrino programme is a distinct
  possibility,
• but it must be well prepared to have a good
  proposal in time for the big decision period in
  2010 (Funding window 2011-2020)
• 2. Two avenues have been identified as promising
• a) SuperBeam Beta-Beam Megaton detector
  (SBBBMD)
• b) Neutrino Factory (NuFact) magnetic detector
  (40kton)
• The physics abilities of the neutrino factory are
  (much) superior
• in particular for flux normalisation
• but..  what is the realistic time scale? 
• 3. (Hardware) cost estimate of a neutrino factory
  1B detectors.
• This needs to be verifed and ascertained on a
  localized scenario (CERN, RAL) and accounting.
• The cost of a (BBSBMD) is not very different,
  though perhaps lower, but more uncertain.
• Cost/physics performance/feasibility comparison
  needed

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CERN-SPL-based Neutrino SUPERBEAM
400 MeV n m Neutrinos small contamination from
ne (no K at 3 GeV!)
target!
Fréjus underground lab.
A large underground water Cherenkov (400 kton)
UNO/HyperK or/and a large L.Arg detector. also
proton decay search, supernovae events solar and
atmospheric neutrinos. Performance similar to
J-PARC II There is a window of opportunity for
digging the cavern starting in 2009 (safety
tunnel in Frejus)
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CERN b-beam baseline scenario
SPL
target!
Decay ring B 5 T Lss 2500 m
SPS
Decay Ring
ISOL target Ion source
ECR
Cyclotrons, linac or FFAG
Stacking!
Rapid cycling synchrotron
PS
neutrinos of Emax600MeV
Same detectors as Superbeam !
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Beta-beam at FNAL?
High gamma beta-beam increases sensitivity
considerably
(Hernandez, Gomez-Cadenas)
Winter
CERN
FNAL
gmax gmaxproton/3 for 6He fault of this one
has to buy a new TeV acccelerator.
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Combination of beta beam with super beam
combines CP and T violation tests ?e ? ?m
(?) (T) ?m ? ?e (p) (CP) ?e ? ?m
(?-) (T) ?m ? ?e (p-)
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SuperbeamBetabeam option

• What is the importance of the superbeam in this
  scheme?
• T violation?
• increased sensitivity?
• have a (known) source of muon neutrinos for
  reference?
• 2. At which neutrino energy can one begin to use
  the event energy distribution?
• Fermi motion and resolution issues.
• What is the impact of muon Cherenkov
  threshold?
• What is the best distance from the source? What
  is the effect of changing the
• beta-beam and superbeam energy? (event rates,
  backgrounds, ability to use dN/dE? )
• Should energy remain adjustable after the
  distance choice?
• 4, what is the relationship between beta-beam
  energy vs intensity?
• 5. What is really the cost of the detector?
• what PM coverage is needed as function of energy
  and distance.

NB superbeam requires 4 MW proton driver,
beta-beam claim to be able to live with 200 kW!
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EC A monochromatic neutrino beam
Electron Capture Ne- ? Nne
Burget et al
intensity? potential?
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-- Neutrino Factory -- CERN layout --
cooling!
1016p/s
target!
acceleration!
1.2 1014 m/s 1.2 1021 m/yr
_
0.9 1021 m/yr
m ? e ne nm
3 1020 ne/yr 3 1020 nm/yr
oscillates ne ? nm interacts giving m- WRONG
SIGN MUON Golden Channel
interacts giving m
also (unique!) ne ? nt Silver channel
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Neutrino fluxes m -gt e ne nm
is that all true?
nm/n e ratio reversed by switching m/ m- ne nm
spectra are different No high energy tail.
Very well known flux (?10-3) -- EsE
calibration from muon spin precession -- angular
divergence small effect if q lt 0.2/g, --
absolute flux measured from muon current or by
nm e- -gt m- ne in near expt. -- in triangle
ring, muon polarization precesses and averages
out (preferred, -gt calib of energy, energy
spread) Similar comments apply to beta beam,
except spin 0 ? Energy and energy spread have
to be obtained from the properties of the storage
ring (Trajectories, RF volts and frequency,
etc)
m polarization controls ne flux m -Xgt ne in
forward direction
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INO 7000 km (Magic distance)
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systematics .
degeneracies
correlations
approval date
NOvA PD
Lindner et al
newer plot should come out of NUFACT05 and
scoping study
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What happens to this at high q13 if -- two
baselines are considered and -- a threshold of
1.5 GeV for wrong sign muons is imposed on the
3000 km det -- and there is a 4kton tau detector
at the 3000 km station?
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Degeneracies
Stephano Rigolin
P. Hubers plots assume 4 GeV threshold, only
golden channel. ? Experimenters need to provide
characteristics of tau detectors and think about
efficiency for wrong sign muons at low energies.
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• Questions for Neutrino Factory experiments
• Do we REALLY NEED TWO far locations at two
  different distances?
• 3000 km ? 1st osc. max at 6 GeV and 2d max at 2
  GeV. Muon momentum cut at 4 GeV cuts 2d max
  info. Can this be improved?
• Can we eliminate all degenracies by combination
  of energy distribution and analysis of different
  channels (tau, muon, electron, both signs, NC)
  
• what are the systematics on flux control? (CERN
  YR claims 10-3)
• 5. optimal muon ENERGY? Cost of study II was
  1500M 400ME/20

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This conceptual detector was used for the
sensitivity studies, with cut-off at muon energy
of 4 GeV
Monolith
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10 liters prototype liquid argon TPC has been
tested in 0.5 T at ETHZ
A. Rubbia
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Towards a comparison of performances on equal
footing
CP violation example
P(ne?nm) - P(ne?nm)
sind sin (Dm212 L/4E) sin q12
ACP a
sinq13 solar term
P(ne?nm) P(ne?nm)
Near detector should give ne diff.
cross-sectionflux BUTneed to know nm and nm
diff. cross-section and detection efficiency
with small (relative) systematic errors.
interchange role of ne and nm for
superbeam in case of beta-beam one will need a
superbeam at the same energy. Will it be possible
to measure the required cross sections with the
required accuracy at low energies with a WBB?
What is the role of the difference in mass
between electron and muons? how well can we
predict it? In case of sub-GeV superbeam alone
how can one deal with this?
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ds/dn O(e,e), nEe-EeEnegy transfer
(GeV)Ee700-1200 MeV
Zeller
Blue Fermi-gas Green SP Red SPFSI
These are for electron beam. errors are 5-10
but what happens when a muon mass is involved?
QE
D
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The Beta-beam accelerator study is funded within
EURISOL DESIGN STUDY and this is making
impressive progress. (it is still a very new
concept however)
The Neutrino Factory and Superbeam design study
(with RAL as home institute) was prepared for a
EU DS call in 2004 (sub march 2005) which never
took place. It turned out to be too far-fetched
to substitute an I3 proposal to this. In the
process the need to include detector RD was
identified.
Meanwhile
Optimization of the neutrino factory in the US
has led to cost reduction by 40
The target experiment nTOF11 is now approved at
CERN, scheduled to run in 2007
The MICE experiment is now approved at RAL
(recognized as CERN RE11) and scheduled to run
in 2007
There is a funded UK neutrino factory
collaboration
There is a proposal for an electron-model FFAG
experiment
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Design study

• Design study will take place in two phases
• Scoping study understand what are the most
  important parameters
• of the facility to be studied, what are the
  critical tests to be performed,
• and how to organize it. Assemble the team.
• 2. Design study proceed to the design study and
  associated RD experiments,
• with the aim to deliver a CDR that a laboratory
  can chose as its next project.

It will be WORLD WIDE 1. It is likely that
there will be no more than one Megaton detector
and/or one Neutrino Factory in the world so we
better agree on what we want. 2. Expertise on
Neutrino Factory is limited world wide (mostly in
US) 3. Resources e.g. at CERN are also very
limited 4. International community meets
regularly at NUFACT meetings and is engaged in
common projects (RD experiments) Muon cooling
exp. MICE at RAL, Target Experiment nTOF11 at CERN
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Collaborators of the scoping study --
ECFA/BENE working groups (incl. CERN) (funded by
CARE) -- Japanese Neutrino Factory
Collaboration -- US Neutrino Factory and Muon
collider Collaboration -- UK Neutrino Factory
Collaboration (also part of BENE) -- others (e.g.
India INO collaboration, Canada, China, Corea
...)
objectives Evaluate the physics case for a
second-generation super-beam, a beta-beam
facility and the Neutrino Factory and to present
a critical comparison of their performance
Evaluate the various options for the accelerator
complex with a view to defining a baseline set of
parameters for the sub-systems that can be taken
forward in a subsequent conceptual-design
phase Evaluate the options for the neutrino
detection systems with a view to defining a
baseline set of detection systems to be taken
forward in a subsequent conceptual-design phase.
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Physics compare performance of various options
on equal footing of parameters and
conventions and agreed standards of resolutions,
simulation etc. identify tools needed to do so
(e.g. Globes upgraded) propose  best values 
of baselines, beam energies etc..
Yorikiyo Nagashima
Detectors (NEW!) Water Cherenkov
(1000kton) Magnetized Iron Calorimeter
(50kton) Low Z scintillator (100 kton) Liquid
Argon TPC (100 kton) magnet? Hybrid Emulsion (4
kton) Near detectors (and instrumentation)
( SB,BB NF )
Alain Blondel
coordination Peter Dornan wise men Ken
Peach Vittorio Palladino(BENE) Steve
Geer Yoshitaka Kuno
Accelerator -- proton driver (energy, time
structure and consequences) -- target and capture
(chose target and capture system) -- phase
rotation and cooling -- acceleration and
storage evaluate economic interplays and
risks include a measure of costing and safety
assessment
Michael Zisman
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Time scales
NUFACT05 26 June 2005 launch of scoping
study CERN 22-24 September 2005 first meeting
will be broadcast, (do register!) (CERN first
page) KEK 23-25 January 2006, RAL 27-29 April
2006 (BENE) UC Irvine 21-23 August 2006 (just
before NUFACT06) NUFACT06 (summer 2006)
discussion of results of scoping study September
2006 ISS report 2007 full design study
proposal 2010 conclusions of Design Study CDR

NB This matches well the time scales set up at
CERN participation of CERN is highly desirable
to ensure that the choices remain
CERN-compatible. This effort is similar to and
synergetic with the PAF and POFPA working groups
at CERN.