Distilling and Purification Plants

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Distilling and Purification Plants

• Water, water everywhere

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Objectives

• Comprehend the theory and operation of distilling
  plants including energy transformations that take
  place
• Comprehend the different types of distilling
  plants
• Comprehend the concepts of salinity monitoring
  and water conservation

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• Water, water everywhere nor any drop to drink.
• - Samuel Taylor Coleridge
• The Ancient Mariner

Wake up Aquaman! - EM2(SS) Barrow USS
Louisville (SSN 724)
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Fresh Water Uses

• STEAM PLANT!!!
• Electronics Cooling
• Hotel Services
• Cooking/Drinking
• Laundry
• (Showers)
• Freshwater Washdown

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Important Concepts

• Distillation seawater freshwater
• Evaporation
• Condensation
• Feed (seawater _at_ 35,000 ppm Cl-)
• Distillate (lt0.1 ppm Cl-)
• Brine (gt35,000 ppm Cl-)
• Salinity (salt concentration in H20)

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Distillation Process
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Distilling Plant Types

• Flash-Type
• Vertical Basket
• Vapor-Compression
• Reverse-Osmosis

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Flash Type

• Most combatants
• High capacity (12,000 50,000 GPD)
• Distillate (lt.065 ppm)
• 150 Auxiliary Steam
• Vacuum operation
• More efficient
• (-) soluble salts

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Flash Type
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Vertical Basket

• Submarines
• Similar to Flash type
• Med. capacity (8,000 - 10,000 GPD)
• Low Pressure (Auxiliary) Steam

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Vertical Basket
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Vapor-Compression

• Ships without STEAM propulsion
• Diesels and submarines (as backup)
• Low capacity (4000 GPD)
• Compresses generated steam using electricity

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Vapor-Compression
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Reverse-Osmosis

• Distillate is lt50 ppm
• good enough to drink
• but not for engineering plant feedwater
• H2O migrates through semi-permeable membrane
  (salt is blocked)
• High pressure reqs (400 psia)
• Multi-stage units preferred

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Reverse-Osmosis
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Salinity Monitoring

• Salinity cells
• Strategic placement throughout plant
• Continuous remote monitoring of fresh water
• Auto flow shutoff using solenoid valves

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Water Conservation

• Limited resource
• Standard Navy shower
• Water hours

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Restrictions

• Chemical Additives
• Volatile Content
• Geographic Restrictions

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SWO(N)
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Questions?