PowerPoint bemutat

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János Fügedi Comparing Methods of Digitizing
16 mm Archive Films
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Traditional Dance Archive of the Institute for
Musicology
approx. 240.000 m 16 mm films
approx. 450 hours
meter hour
mute 125.000 265
sound 115.000 175
(8 mm) 10.000
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Digitizing films
against
for
- durability of digital media is
uncertain (that of film is unknown either)
- enhance security (films deteriorate by
time stretch brake acetic
fermentation)
- quality loss at analog/digital conversion
- (extreme) high costs
- strong social pressure for availability
- huge storage capacity needed
- forbidden reverse films, films only in
negative get available
- extra registry
- fast access
- possibility of on-line databases
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Expected quality
How to digitize films?
PrestoSpace (BBC, ORF, Ina France, RAI, ... 36
members)
Standardised Practices for Audiovisual Contents
in Europe
A survey on
High expectations from the part of Film Archives
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Formats
How to digitize films?
SD SDI Standard Definition Serial Digital
Interface
270 Mbit/s (Digital Beta) 143 Mbit/s (NTSC -
480i) 177 Mbit/s (PAL - 576i)
bitrates
frame 720x576 pixels color space 422 -
representing RGB Y - brightness (luma) Cb, Cr -
color difference color depth 8 -
bit/pixel/space component
1 frame 1.2 MB
(uncompressed)
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Formats
How to digitize films?
HD SDI High Definition Serial Digital Interface
1.485 Gbit/s - HDTV (720p, 1080i)
bitrates
3G SDI
2.9705 Gbit/s - true HD (1080p)
bitrates
1920x1080 pixel444 color space 10 bit color
depth
1 frame 7.8 MB
however...
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Formats
How to digitize films?
Dynamic range of film (even 16 mm) is still wider
than that of SDI representation
Film industry introduced
Film Scanning frame by frame
2k 2048x1536 pixels
1 frame 12 MB
suitable for 16 mm
4k 4096x3072 6k 6144x46088k 8192x6144
1 frame 47 MB
1 frame 106 MB
1 frame 188 MB
result can be written back to film
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Methods, equipments
How to digitize films?
Easy home solution shooting the screen of
the editing table
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Methods, equipments
How to digitize films?
Advance home solutions video camera and film
projector assembled
projection directly to CCD
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Methods, equipments
How to digitize films?
Advance home solutions film projector
assembled to a 45o mirror system (
Fresnel lense)
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Methods, equipments
How to digitize films?
Professional solution telecine
tele(vision) cine(ma)
transferring motion picture film into video form
(SD SDI, HD SDI)
Flying spot scanner scanning lines
photon beam
dichroic mirrors
inverted CRT concept of scanning
blue
CRT
red
green
CCD scanner
white light through film a prism separates the
image into the three primary colorscolored light
is projected at a different CCDCCD converts the
light into electrical impulses
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Methods, equipments
How to digitize films?
Easy, half-professional solution small
telecine machines
(Tobin Cinema system)
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Methods, equipments
How to digitize films?
Professional solution telecine machines
da Vinci system color correction for telecine
Beta SPDigital Beta
MTV Archiving Department
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Methods, equipments
How to digitize films?
Professional solution film scanners
Single frame intermitten pull downapprox. 1 fps
Continuous motion scanning2-30 fps
Cintel
Thomson
Thomson
Northlight
Lasergraphics
Comparing methods
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Comparing methods
shooting the the editing tables screen
DV AVI from a JVC 3x1/2 CCD camera
(presentation WMV)
(In this Internet version of the presentation the
film clips are not available.
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Comparing methods
camera and projector assembled directly to CCD
DV AVI from Panasonic 3x1/3 CCD
handycam(presentation WMV)
(In this Internet version of the presentation the
film clips are not available.
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Comparing methods
editing table recording compared to CCD
DV AVI from cameras(presentation WMV)
(In this Internet version of the presentation the
film clips are not available.
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Comparing methods
telecine MTV
telecined DV AVI via da Vinci (presentation WMV)
(In this Internet version of the presentation the
film clips are not available.
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Comparing methods
telecine Filmlabor
telecined DV AVI via da Vinci(presentation WMV)
(In this Internet version of the presentation the
film clips are not available.
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Comparing methods
telecine MTVFilmlabor compared
telecined DV AVI via da Vinci(presentation WMV)
(In this Internet version of the presentation the
film clips are not available.
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Comparing methods
telecine Filmlabor TARGA sequence
DV AVI from animated TARGA sequence(presentation
WMV)
(In this Internet version of the presentation the
film clips are not available.
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Comparing methods
Filmlabor TARGA projected to CCD compared
different source DV AVI (presentation WMV)
(In this Internet version of the presentation the
film clips are not available.
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Comparing methods
Oberon 2k scanned TARGA sequence
DV AVI from scanned TARGA sequence(presentation
WMV)
(In this Internet version of the presentation the
film clips are not available.
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Comparing methods
Filmlabor TARGA Oberon 2k scanned compared
DV AVI (presentation WMV)
(In this Internet version of the presentation the
film clips are not available.
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Comparing methods
Filmlabor TARGA Oberon 2k scanned compared
DV AVI (presentation WMV)
(In this Internet version of the presentation the
film clips are not available.
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Comparing methods
2k scanned single frame
SD Telecine TGA single frame
detail compared
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Comparing methods
SD Telecine TGA single frame
2k scanned single frame
(1600)
(880)
price
0.01 Eur/frame
0.10 Eur/frame
storage
1.2 MB/frame
12 MB/frame
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Thank you for your attention!